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july 2001 1/80 rev. 2.7 st62t80b/e80b 8-bit otp/eprom mcu with lcd driver, eeprom and a/d converter n 3.0 to 6.0v supply operating range n 8 mhz maximum clock frequency n -40 to +85c operating temperature range n run, wait and stop modes n 5 interrupt vectors n look-up table capability in program memory n data storage in program memory: user selectable size n data ram: 192 bytes n data eeprom: 128 bytes n user programmable options n 22 i/o pins, fully programmable as: C input with pull-up resistor C input without pull-up resistor C input with interrupt generation C open-drain or push-pull output C analog input n 10 i/o lines can sink up to 20ma to drive leds or triacs directly n one 8-bit timer/counter with 7-bit programmable prescaler n one 8-bit auto-reload timer with 7-bit programmable prescaler (artimer) n digital watchdog n 8-bit a/d converter with 12 analog inputs n 8-bit synchronous peripheral interface (spi) n 8-bit asynchronous peripheral interface (uart) n lcd driver with 48 segment outputs, 8 backplane outputs, 8 software selectable segment/backplane outputs and selectable multiplexing ratio. n 32khz oscillator for stand-by lcd operation n on-chip clock oscillator can be driven by quartz crystal or ceramic resonator n one external non-maskable interrupt n st6280-emu2 emulation and development system (connects to an ms-dos pc via a parallel port). device summary device otp (bytes) eprom (bytes) eeprom (bytes) lcd display st62t80b 7948 - 128 8 x 56 or 16 x 48 st62e80b 7948 128 8 x 56 or 16 x 48 (see end of datasheet for ordering information) pqfp100 cqfp100w 1
2/80 table of contents 80 document page 2 st62t80b/e80b . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 general description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 1.1 introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 1.2 pin descriptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 1.3 memory map . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 1.3.1 introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 1.3.2 program space . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 1.3.3 data space . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 1.3.4 stack space . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 1.3.5 data window register (dwr) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 1.3.6 data ram/eeprom and lcd ram bank register (drbr) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 1.3.7 eeprom description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 1.4 programming modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 1.4.1 option byte . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 1.4.2 program memory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 1.4.3 eeprom data memory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 1.4.4 eprom erasing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 2 central processing unit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 2.1 introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 2.2 cpu registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 3 clocks, reset, interrupts and power saving modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 3.1 clock system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 3.1.1 main oscillator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 3.1.2 32 khz stand-by oscillator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 3.2 resets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 3.2.1 reset input . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 0 3.2.2 power-on reset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 3.2.3 watchdog reset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 3.2.4 application notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 3.2.5 mcu initialization sequence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 3.3 digital watchdog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 3.3.1 digital watchdog register (dwdr) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 3.3.2 application notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 3.4 interrupts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 3.4.1 interrupt request . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 3.4.2 interrupt procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 3.4.3 interrupt option register (ior) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 3.4.4 interrupt sources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 9 3.5 power saving modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 3.5.1 wait mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1 3.5.2 stop mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 3.5.3 exit from wait and stop modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 4 on-chip peripherals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 4.1 i/o ports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 4.1.1 operating modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 4.1.2 safe i/o state switching sequence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
3/80 table of contents document page 3 4.1.3 artimer alternate functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 4.1.4 spi alternate functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 4.1.5 uart alternate functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 4.1.6 i/o port option registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 4.1.7 i/o port data direction registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 4.1.8 i/o port data registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 4.2 timer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 4.2.1 timer operating modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 4.2.2 timer interrupt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 4.2.3 application notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 4.2.4 timer registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 2 4.3 auto-reload timer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 4.3.1 ar timer description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 4.3.2 timer operating modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 4.3.3 ar timer registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 4.4 u. a. r. t. (universal asynchronous receiver/transmitter) . . . . . . . . . . . 49 4.4.1 ports interfacing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 4.4.2 clock generation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 4.4.3 data transmission . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 4.4.4 data reception . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 4.4.5 interrupt capabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 4.4.6 registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 4.5 a/d converter (adc) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 4.5.1 application notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 4.6 serial peripheral interface (spi) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 4.7 lcd controller-driver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 4.7.1 multiplexing ratio and frame frequency setting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 4.7.2 segment and common plates driving . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 4.7.3 stand by or stop operation mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 4.7.4 lcd mode control register (lcdcr) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 5 software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 5.1 st6 architecture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 5.2 addressing modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 5.3 instruction set . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 6 electrical characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 6.1 absolute maximum ratings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 6.2 recommended operating conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 6.3 dc electrical characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70 6.4 ac electrical characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 6.5 a/d converter characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 6.6 timer characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 6.7 spi characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 6.8 lcd electrical characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 7 general information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 7.1 package mechanical data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
4/80 table of contents 80 document page 4 7.2 package thermal characteristic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 7.3 ordering information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 st6280b . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 1 general description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76 1.1 introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76 1.2 rom readout protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76 1.3 ordering information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 1.3.1 transfer of customer code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 1.3.2 listing generation and verification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 2 summary of changes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
5/80 st62t80b/e80b 1 general description 1.1 introduction the st62t80b and st62e80b devices are low cost members of the st62xx 8-bit hcmos family of microcontrollers, which is targeted at low to me- dium complexity applications. all st62xx devices are based on a building block approach: a com- mon core is surrounded by a number of on-chip peripherals. the st62e80b is the erasable eprom version of the st62t80b device, which may be used to em- ulate the st62t80b device, as well as the respec- tive st6280b rom devices. figure 1. block diagram test nmi interrupt program pc stack level 1 stack level 2 stack level 3 stack level 4 stack level 5 stack level 6 power supply oscillator reset data rom user selectable data ram port a port b artimer digital 8 bit core test/v pp 8-bit a/d converter pa5 / scl / 20ma sink v dd v ss oscin oscout reset watchdog memory port c spi (serial peripheral interface) 192 bytes 7948 bytes data eeprom 128 bytes pb0 / rxd / ain pc0..pc3 / 20ma sink s9..s56 com9..com16 / s1..s8 (v pp on eprom/otp versions only) pb6 / artimin / ain pb7 / artimout / ain vlcd vlcd1/5 vlcd2/5 osc 32khz timer osc32in osc32out lcd driver va0479 vlcd4/5 vlcd3/5 pc4..pc7 / ain pa6 / sin / 20ma sink pa7 / sout / 20ma sink pa4 / timer / 20ma sink pa2..pa3 / 20ma sink pb2..pb5 / ain pb1 / txd / ain com1..com8 uart 5
6/80 st62t80b/e80b introduction (contd) otp and eprom devices are functionally identi- cal. the rom based versions offer the same func- tionality selecting as rom options the options de- fined in the programmable option byte of the otp/eprom versions.otp devices offer all the advantages of user programmability at low cost, which make them the ideal choice in a wide range of applications where frequent code changes, mul- tiple code versions or last minute programmability are required. these compact low-cost devices feature one tim- er comprising an 8-bit counter and a 7-bit pro- grammable prescaler, one 8-bit autoreload timer with 7-bit programmable prescaler (artimer), eeprom data capability, a serial synchronous port interface (spi), an 8-bit a/d converter with 12 analog inputs, a digital watchdog timer, and a complete lcd controller driver, making them well suited for a wide range of automotive, appliance and industrial applications. figure 2. st6280b pin description * note : 20ma sink 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 80 79 78 77 76 75 74 73 72 70 69 68 67 66 65 64 63 62 61 60 59 58 57 56 55 54 53 52 51 71 100 99989796959493929190898887868584838281 s18 s17 s16 s15 s14 s13 s12 s11 s10 s9 com16/s8 com15/s7 com14/s6 com13/s5 com12/s4 com11/s3 com10/s2 com9/s1 com8 com7 com6 com5 com4 com3 com2 com1 osc32in osc32out pa2* pa3* s38 s37 s36 s35 s34 s33 s32 s31 s30 s29 s28 s27 s26 s25 s24 s23 s22 s21 s20 s19 s39 s40 s41 s42 s43 s44 s45 s46 s47 s48 s49 s50 s51 s52 s53 s54 s55 s56 pb6/artimin/ain pb5/ain pb4/ain pb7/artimout/ain pb3/ain pb2/ain pb1/ain pb0/ain test oscout oscin reset pc7/ain pc6/ain pc5/ain pc4/ain pc3* pc2* pc1* pc0* nmi v dd v ss vlcd vlcd4/5 vlcd3/5 vlcd2/5 vlcd1/5 pa7/sout* pa6/sin* pa5/scl* pa4/tim1 6
7/80 st62t80b/e80b 1.2 pin descriptions v dd and v ss . power is supplied to the mcu via these two pins. v dd is the power connection and v ss is the ground connection. oscin and oscout. these pins are internally connected to the on-chip oscillator circuit. a quartz crystal, a ceramic resonator or an external clock signal can be connected between these two pins. the oscin pin is the input pin, the oscout pin is the output pin. reset . the active-low reset pin is used to re- start the microcontroller. test/v pp . the test must be held at v ss for nor- mal operation. if test pin is connected to a +12.5v level during the reset phase, the eprom/otp programming mode is entered. nmi. the nmi pin provides the capability for asyn- chronous interruption, by applying an external non maskable interrupt to the mcu. the nmi input is falling edge sensitive with schmitt trigger charac- teristics. the user can select as option the availa- bility of an on-chip pull-up at this pin. pa2-pa7. these 6 lines are organised as one i/o port (a). each line may be configured under soft- ware control as inputs with or without internal pull- up resistors, interrupt generating inputs with pull- up resistors, open-drain or push-pull outputs, pa5/scl, pa6/sin and pa7/sout can be used re- spectively as data clock, data in and clock pins for the on-chip spi, while pa4/timer can be used as timer i/o. in addition, pa2-pa7 can sink 20ma for direct led or triac drive. pb0...pb7. these 8 lines are organised as one i/o port (b). each line may be configured under soft- ware control as inputs with or without internal pull- up resistors, interrupt generating inputs with pull- up resistors, open-drain or push-pull outputs, an- alog inputs for the a/d converter. pb6/artimin and pb7/artimout are either port b i/o bits or the input and output of the artimer. pb0 (resp. pb1) can also be used as reception (resp. transmission) line for the embedded uart. pc0-pc7 . these 8 lines are organised as one i/o port (c). each line may be configured under soft- ware control as input with or without internal pull- up resistor, interrupt generating input with pull-up resistor, open-drain or push-pull output, or analog imputs for the a/d converter. pc0-pc3 can sink 20ma for direct led or triac drive, while pc4- pc7 can be used as analog inputs for the a/d converter. com1-com8 . these eight pins are the lcd pe- ripheral common outputs. they are the outputs of the on-chip backplane voltage generator which is used for multiplexing the lcd lines. com9/s1-com16/s8 . these pins are the 8 multi- plexed common/segment lines. under software selected control, they can act as lcd common outputs allowing a 48 x 16 dot matrix operation, or they can act as segment outputs alowwing 56 x 8 dot matrix operation. s9-s56 . these pins are the 48 lcd peripheral segment outputs. vlcd1/5, vlcd5/5 . display supply voltage inputs for determining the display voltage levels on common and segment pins during multiplex oper- ation. osc32in and osc32out . these pins are inter- nally connected with the on-chip 32khz oscillator circuit. a 32.768khz quartz crystal can be con- nected between these two pins if it is necessary to provide the lcd stand-by clock and real time inter- rupt. osc32in is the input pin, osc32out is the output pin. 7
8/80 st62t80b/e80b 1.3 memory map 1.3.1 introduction the mcu operates in three separate memory spaces: program space, data space, and stack space. operation in these three memory spaces is described in the following paragraphs. briefly, program space contains user program code in program memory and user vectors; data space contains user data in ram and in program memory, and stack space accommodates six lev- els of stack for subroutine and interrupt service routine nesting. 1.3.2 program space program space comprises the instructions to be executed, the data required for immediate ad- dressing mode instructions, the reserved factory test area and the user vectors. program space is addressed via the 12-bit program counter register (pc register). program space is organised in four 2k pages. three of them are addressed in the 000h-7ffh lo- cations of the program space by the program counter and by writing the appropriate code in the program rom page register (prpr register). a common (static) 2k page is available all the time for interrupt vectors and common subrou- tines, independently of the prpr register content. this static page is directly addressed in the 0800h-0fffh by the msb of the program counter register pc 11. note this page can also be ad- dressed in the 000-7ffh range. it is two different ways of addressing the same physical memory. jump from a dynamic page to another dynamic page is achieved by jumping back to the static page, changing contents of prpr and then jump- ing to the new dynamic page. figure 3. 8kbytes program space addressing figure 4. memory addressing diagram pc space 000h 7ffh 800h fffh 0000h 1fffh page 0 page 1 static page page 2 page 3 page 1 static page rom space program space program interrupt & reset vectors accumulator data ram bank select window select ram x register y register v register w register data read-only window ram / eeprom banking area 000h 03fh 040h 07fh 080h 081h 082h 083h 084h 0c0h 0ffh 0-63 data space 0000h 0ff0h 0fffh memory memory data read-only memory vr01568 8
9/80 st62t80b/e80b memory map (contd) table 1. st62e80b/t80b program memory map note : otp/eprom devices can be programmed with the development tools available from stmicro- electronics (st62e8x-epb). 1.3.2.1 program rom page register (prpr) the prpr register can be addressed like a ram location in the data space at the address cah ; nevertheless it is a write only register that cannot be accessed with single-bit operations. this regis- ter is used to select the 2-kbyte rom bank of the program space that will be addressed. the number of the page has to be loaded in the prpr register. refer to the program space description for additional information concerning the use of this register. the prpr register is not modified when an interrupt or a subroutine occurs. care is required when handling the prpr register as it is write only. for this reason, it is not allowed to change the prpr contents while executing in- terrupt service routine, as the service routine cannot save and then restore its previous content. this operation may be necessary if common rou- tines and interrupt service routines take more than 2k bytes ; in this case it could be necessary to di- vide the interrupt service routine into a (minor) part in the static page (start and end) and to a second (major) part in one of the dynamic pages. if it is im- possible to avoid the writing of this register in inter- rupt service routines, an image of this register must be saved in a ram location, and each time the program writes to the prpr it must write also to the image register. the image register must be written before prpr, so if an interrpt occurs be- tween the two instructions the prpr is not af- fected. program rom page register (prpr) address: cah write only bits 2-7= not used. bit 5-0 = prpr1-prpr0: program rom select. these two bits select the corresponding page to be addressed in the lower part of the 4k program address space as specified in table 2 . this register is undefined on reset. neither read nor single bit instructions may be used to address this register. table 2. 8kbytes program rom page register coding 1.3.2.2 program memory protection the program memory in otp or eprom devices can be protected against external readout of mem- ory by selecting the readout protection op- tion in the option byte. in the eprom parts, readout protection option can be disactivated only by u.v. erasure that also results into the whole eprom context erasure. note: once the readout protection is activated, it is no longer possible, even for stmicroelectronics, to gain access to the program memory contents. returned parts with a protection set can therefore not be accepted. rom page device address description page 0 0000h-007fh 0080h-07ffh reserved user rom page 1 static 0800h-0f9fh 0fa0h-0fefh 0ff0h-0ff7h 0ff8h-0ffbh 0ffch-0ffdh 0ffeh-0fffh user rom reserved interrupt vectors reserved nmi vector reset vector page 2 0000h-000fh 0010h-07ffh reserved user rom page 3 0000h-000fh 0010h-07ffh reserved user rom 70 ------prpr1prpr0 prpr1 prpr0 pc bit 11 memory page x x 1 static page (page 1) 0 0 0 page 0 0 1 0 page 1 (static page 1 0 0 page 2 1 1 0 page 3 9
10/80 st62t80b/e80b memory map (contd) 1.3.3 data space data space accommodates all the data necessary for processing the user program. this space com- prises the ram resource, the processor core and peripheral registers, as well as read-only data such as constants and look-up tables in program memory. 1.3.3.1 data rom all read-only data is physically stored in program memory, which also accommodates the program space. the program memory consequently con- tains the program code to be executed, as well as the constants and look-up tables required by the application. the data space locations in which the different constants and look-up tables are addressed by the processor core may be thought of as a 64-byte window through which it is possible to access the read-only data stored in program memory. 1.3.3.2 data ram/eeprom in st62t80b and st62e80b devices, the data space includes 60 bytes of ram, the accumulator (a), the indirect registers (x), (y), the short direct registers (v), (w), the i/o port registers, the pe- ripheral data and control registers, the interrupt option register and the data rom window register (drw register). additional ram and eeprom pages can also be addressed using banks of 64 bytes located be- tween addresses 00h and 3fh. 1.3.4 stack space stack space consists of six 12-bit registers which are used to stack subroutine and interrupt return addresses, as well as the current program counter contents. table 3. additional ram/eeprom banks. table 4. st62t80b/e80b data memory space device ram eeprom lcd ram st62t80b/e80b 2 x 64 bytes 2 x 64 bytes 2 x 64 bytes data ram/eeprom, lcd ram 000h 03fh data rom window area 040h 07fh x register 080h y register 081h v register 082h w register 083h data ram 084h 0bfh port a data register 0c0h port b data register 0c1h spi interrupt disable register 0c2h port c data register 0c3h port a direction register 0c4h port b direction register 0c5h port c direction register 0c6h reserved 0c7h interrupt option register 0c8h* data rom window register 0c9h* rom bank select register 0cah* data ram/eeprom, lcd bank select register 0cbh* port a option register 0cch reserved 0cdh port b option register 0ceh port c option register 0cfh a/d data register 0d0h a/d control register 0d1h timer 1 prescaler register 0d2h timer 1 counter register 0d3h timer 1 status/control register 0d4h reserved 0d5h uart data register 0d6h uart control register 0d7h watchdog register 0d8h reserved 0d9h 0dah 32khz oscillator control register 0dbh lcd mode control register 0dch spi data register 0ddh reserved 0deh eeprom control register 0dfh reserved 0e0h 0e4h artimer mode/control register 0e5h artimer status/control register 0 0e6h artimer status/control register 1 0e7h reserved artimer reload/capture register 0e9h artimer compare register 0eah artimer load register 0ebh reserved 0ech 0feh accumulator offh * write only register 10
11/80 st62t80b/e80b memory map (contd) 1.3.5 data window register (dwr) the data read-only memory window is located from address 0040h to address 007fh in data space. it allows direct reading of 64 consecutive bytes locat- ed anywhere in program memory, between ad- dress 0000h and 1fffh (top memory address de- pends on the specific device). all the program memory can therefore be used to store either in- structions or read-only data. indeed, the window can be moved in steps of 64 bytes along the pro- gram memory by writing the appropriate code in the data window register (dwr). the dwr can be addressed like any ram location in the data space, it is however a write-only regis- ter and therefore cannot be accessed using single- bit operations. this register is used to position the 64-byte read-only data window (from address 40h to address 7fh of the data space) in program memory in 64-byte steps. the effective address of the byte to be read as data in program memory is obtained by concatenating the 6 least significant bits of the register address given in the instruction (as least significant bits) and the content of the dwr register (as most significant bits), as illustrat- ed in figure 5 below. for instance, when address- ing location 0040h of the data space, with 0 load- ed in the dwr register, the physical location ad- dressed in program memory is 00h. the dwr reg- ister is not cleared on reset, therefore it must be written to prior to the first access to the data read- only memory window area. data window register (dwr) address: 0c9h write only bits 7 = not used. bit 6-0 = dwr6-dwr0: data read-only memory window register bits. these are the data read- only memory window bits that correspond to the upper bits of the data read-only memory space. caution: this register is undefined on reset. nei- ther read nor single bit instructions may be used to address this register. note: care is required when handling the dwr register as it is write only. for this reason, the dwr contents should not be changed while exe- cuting an interrupt service routine, as the service routine cannot save and then restore the registers previous contents. if it is impossible to avoid writ- ing to the dwr during the interrupt service routine, an image of the register must be saved in a ram location, and each time the program writes to the dwr, it must also write to the image register. the image register must be written first so that, if an in- terrupt occurs between the two instructions, the dwr is not affected. figure 5. data read-only memory window memory addressing 70 - dwr6 dwr5 dwr4 dwr3 dwr2 dwr1 dwr0 data rom window register contents data space address 40h-7fh in instruction program space address 765432 0 543210 543210 read 1 6 7 8 9 10 11 01 vr0a1573 12 1 0 data space address 59h 0 0 0 0 0 1 00 1 1 1 example: (dwr) dwr=28h 11 0000 0 0 00 1 rom address:a19h 11 13 0 1 11
12/80 st62t80b/e80b memory map (contd) 1.3.6 data ram/eeprom and lcd ram bank register (drbr) address: cbh write only bit 7 = this bit is not used bit 6 - drbr6 . this bit, when set, selects lcd ram page 2. bit 5 - drbr5 . this bit, when set, selects lcd ram page 1. bit 4 - drbr4 . this bit, when set, selects ram page 2. bit 3 - drbr3 . this bit, when set, selects ram page 1. bit2. these bits are not used. bit 1 - drbr1 . this bit, when set, selects eeprom page 1. bit 0 - drbr0 . this bit, when set, selects eeprom page 0. the selection of the bank is made by programming the data ram bank switch register (drbr regis- ter) located at address cbh of the data space ac- cording to table 1. no more than one bank should be set at a time. the drbr register can be addressed like a ram data space at the address cbh; nevertheless it is a write only register that cannot be accessed with single-bit operations. this register is used to select the desired 64-byte ram/eeprom bank of the data space. the number of banks has to be load- ed in the drbr register and the instruction has to point to the selected location as if it was in bank 0 (from 00h address to 3fh address). this register is not cleared during the mcu initiali- zation, therefore it must be written before the first access to the data space bank region. refer to the data space description for additional informa- tion. the drbr register is not modified when an interrupt or a subroutine occurs. notes : care is required when handling the drbr register as it is write only. for this reason, it is not allowed to change the drbr contents while executing in- terrupt service routine, as the service routine can- not save and then restore its previous content. if it is impossible to avoid the writing of this register in interrupt service routine, an image of this register must be saved in a ram location, and each time the program writes to drbr it must write also to the image register. the image register must be written first, so if an interrupt occurs between the two instructions the drbr is not affected. in drbr register, only 1 bit must be set. other- wise two or more pages are enabled in parallel, producing errors. table 5. data ram bank register set-up 70 - drbr6 drbr5 drbr4 drbr3 - drbr1 drbr0 drbr st62t80b/e80b 00 none 01 eeprom page 0 02 eeprom page 1 08 ram page 1 10h ram page 2 20h lcd ram page 1 40h lcd ram page 2 other reserved 12
13/80 st62t80b/e80b memory map (contd) 1.3.7 eeprom description eeprom memory is located in 64-byte pages in data space. this memory may be used by the user program for non-volatile data storage. data space from 00h to 3fh is paged as described in table 6 . eeprom locations are accessed di- rectly by addressing these paged sections of data space. the eeprom does not require dedicated instruc- tions for read or write access. once selected via the data ram bank register, the active eeprom page is controlled by the eeprom control regis- ter (eectl), which is described below. bit e20ff of the eectl register must be reset prior to any write or read access to the eeprom. if no bank has been selected, or if e2off is set, any ac- cess is meaningless. programming must be enabled by setting the e2ena bit of the eectl register. the e2busy bit of the eectl register is set when the eeprom is performing a programming cycle. any access to the eeprom when e2busy is set is meaningless. provided e2off and e2busy are reset, an eep- rom location is read just like any other data loca- tion, also in terms of access time. writing to the eeprom may be carried out in two modes: byte mode (bmode) and parallel mode (pmode). in bmode, one byte is accessed at a time, while in pmode up to 8 bytes in the same row are programmed simultaneously (with conse- quent speed and power consumption advantages, the latter being particularly important in battery powered circuits). general notes : data should be written directly to the intended ad- dress in eeprom space. there is no buffer mem- ory between data ram and the eeprom space. when the eeprom is busy (e2busy = 1) eectl cannot be accessed in write mode, it is only possible to read the status of e2busy. this implies that as long as the eeprom is busy, it is not possible to change the status of the eeprom control register. eectl bits 4 and 5 are reserved and must never be set. care is required when dealing with the eectl reg- ister, as some bits are write only. for this reason, the eectl contents must not be altered while ex- ecuting an interrupt service routine. if it is impossible to avoid writing to this register within an interrupt service routine, an image of the register must be saved in a ram location, and each time the program writes to eectl it must also write to the image register. the image register must be written to first so that, if an interrupt oc- curs between the two instructions, the eectl will not be affected. table 6. row arrangement for parallel writing of eeprom locations dataspace addresses. banks 0 and 1. byte01234567 row7 38h-3fh row6 30h-37h row5 28h-2fh row4 20h-27h row3 18h-1fh row2 10h-17h row1 08h-0fh row0 00h-07h up to 8 bytes in each row may be programmed simultaneously in parallel write mode. the number of available 64-byte banks (1 or 2) is device dependent. 13
14/80 st62t80b/e80b memory map (contd) additional notes on parallel mode: if the user wishes to perform parallel program- ming, the first step should be to set the e2par2 bit. from this time on, the eeprom will be ad- dressed in write mode, the row address will be latched and it will be possible to change it only at the end of the programming cycle, or by resetting e2par2 without programming the eeprom. af- ter the row address is latched, the mcu can only see the selected eeprom row and any attempt to write or read other rows will produce errors. the eeprom should not be read while e2par2 is set. as soon as the e2par2 bit is set, the 8 volatile row latches are cleared. from this moment on, the user can load data in all or in part of the row. setting e2par1 will modify the eeprom regis- ters corresponding to the row latches accessed after e2par2. for example, if the software sets e2par2 and accesses the eeprom by writing to addresses 18h, 1ah and 1bh, and then sets e2par1, these three registers will be modified si- multaneously; the remaining bytes in the row will be unaffected. note that e2par2 is internally reset at the end of the programming cycle. this implies that the user must set the e2par2 bit between two parallel pro- gramming cycles. note that if the user tries to set e2par1 while e2par2 is not set, there will be no programming cycle and the e2par1 bit w ill be un- affected. consequently, the e2par1 bit cannot be set if e2ena is low. the e2par1 bit can be set by the user, only if the e2ena and e2par2 bits are also set. eeprom control register (eectl) address: dfh read/write reset status: 00h bit 7 = d7 : unused. bit 6 = e2off : stand-by enable bit. write only. if this bit is set the eeprom is disabled (any access will be meaningless) and the power consumption of the eeprom is reduced to its lowest value. bit 5-4 = d5-d4 : reserved. must be kept reset. bit 3 = e2par1 : parallel start bit. write only. once in parallel mode, as soon as the user software sets the e2par1 bit, parallel writing of the 8 adja- cent registers will start. this bit is internally reset at the end of the programming procedure. note that less than 8 bytes can be written if required, the un- defined bytes being unaffected by the parallel pro- gramming cycle; this is explained in greater detail in the additional notes on parallel mode overleaf. bit 2 = e2par2 : parallel mode en. bit. write only. this bit must be set by the user program in order to perform parallel programming. if e2par2 is set and the parallel start bit (e2par1) is reset, up to 8 adjacent bytes can be written simultane- ously. these 8 adjacent bytes are considered as a row, whose address lines a7, a6, a5, a4, a3 are fixed while a2, a1 and a0 are the changing bits, as illustrated in table 6 . e2par2 is automatically re- set at the end of any parallel programming proce- dure. it can be reset by the user software before starting the programming procedure, thus leaving the eeprom registers unc hanged. bit 1 = e2busy : eeprom busy bit. read on- ly. this bit is automatically set by the eeprom control logic when the eeprom is in program- ming mode. the user program should test it before any eeprom read or write operation; any attempt to access the eeprom while the busy bit is set will be aborted and the writing procedure in progress will be completed. bit 0 = e2ena : eeprom enable bit. write on- ly. this bit enables programming of the eeprom cells. it must be set before any write to the eep- rom register. any attempt to write to the eep- rom when e2ena is low is meaningless and will not trigger a write cycle. 70 d7 e2off d5 d4 e2par1 e2par2 e2busy e2ena 14
15/80 st62t80b/e80b 1.4 programming modes 1.4.1 option byte the option byte allows configuration capability to the mcus. option bytes content is automatically read, and the selected options enabled, when the chip reset is activated. it can only be accessed during the programming mode. this access is made either automatically (copy from a master device) or by selecting the option byte programming mode of the pro- grammer. the option byte is located in a non-user map. no address has to be specified. eprom code option byte bit 7-5. reserved. bit 5= protect . this bit allows the protection of the software contents against piracy. when the bit protect is set high, readout of the otp con- tents is prevented by hardware. no programming equipment is able to gain access to the user pro- gram. when this bit is low, the user program can be read. bit 4. reserved. bit 3 = nmi pull . . this bit must be set high to en- able the internal pull-up resistor. when low, no pull-up is provided. bit 2. reserved. bit 1 = wdact . this bit controls the watchdog ac- tivation. when it is high, hardware activation is se- lected. the software activation is selected when wdact is low. bit 0 = reserved. the option byte is written during programming ei- ther by using the pc menu (pc driven mode) or automatically (stand-alone mode) 1.4.2 program memory eprom/otp programming mode is set by a +12.5v voltage applied to the test/v pp pin. the programming flow of the st62t80b/e80b is de- scribed in the user manual of the eprom pro- gramming board. the mcus can be programmed with the st62e8xb eprom programming tools available from stmicroelectronics. 1.4.3 eeprom data memory eeprom data pages are supplied in the virgin state ffh. partial or total programming of eep- rom data memory can be performed either through the application software, or through an ex- ternal programmer. any stmicroelectronics tool used for the program memory (otp/eprom) can also be used to program the eeprom data mem- ory. 1.4.4 eprom erasing the eprom of the windowed package of the mcus may be erased by exposure to ultra violet light. the erasure characteristic of the mcus is such that erasure begins when the memory is ex- posed to light with a wave lengths shorter than ap- proximately 4000?. it should be noted that sun- lights and some types of fluorescent lamps have wavelengths in the range 3000-4000?. it is thus recommended that the window of the mcus packages be covered by an opaque label to prevent unintentional erasure problems when test- ing the application in such an environment. the recommended erasure procedure of the mcus eprom is the exposure to short wave ul- traviolet light which have a wave-length 2537a. the integrated dose (i.e. u.v. intensity x exposure time) for erasure should be a minimum of 15w- sec/cm 2 . the erasure time with this dosage is ap- proximately 15 to 20 minutes using an ultraviolet lamp with 12000w/cm 2 power rating. the st62e80b should be placed within 2.5cm (1inch) of the lamp tubes during erasure. 70 -- pro- tect - nmi pull -wdact- 15
16/80 st62t80b/e80b 2 central processing unit 2.1 introduction the cpu core of st6 devices is independent of the i/o or memory configuration. as such, it may be thought of as an independent central processor communicating with on-chip i/o, memory and pe- ripherals via internal address, data, and control buses. in-core communication is arranged as shown in figure 6 ; the controller being externally linked to both the reset and oscillator circuits, while the core is linked to the dedicated on-chip pe- ripherals via the serial data bus and indirectly, for interrupt purposes, through the control registers. 2.2 cpu registers the st6 family cpu core features six registers and three pairs of flags available to the programmer. these are described in the following paragraphs. accumulator (a) . the accumulator is an 8-bit general purpose register used in all arithmetic cal- culations, logical operations, and data manipula- tions. the accumulator can be addressed in data space as a ram location at address ffh. thus the st6 can manipulate the accumulator just like any other register in data space. indirect registers (x, y). these two indirect reg- isters are used as pointers to memory locations in data space. they are used in the register-indirect addressing mode. these registers can be ad- dressed in the data space as ram locations at ad- dresses 80h (x) and 81h (y). they can also be ac- cessed with the direct, short direct, or bit direct ad- dressing modes. accordingly, the st6 instruction set can use the indirect registers as any other reg- ister of the data space. short direct registers (v, w). these two regis- ters are used to save a byte in short direct ad- dressing mode. they can be addressed in data space as ram locations at addresses 82h (v) and 83h (w). they can also be accessed using the di- rect and bit direct addressing modes. thus, the st6 instruction set can use the short direct regis- ters as any other register of the data space. program counter (pc). the program counter is a 12-bit register which contains the address of the next rom location to be processed by the core. this rom location may be an opcode, an oper- and, or the address of an operand. the 12-bit length allows the direct addressing of 4096 bytes in program space. figure 6. st6 core block diagram program reset opcode flag values 2 controller flags alu a-data b-data address/read line data space interrupts data ram/eeprom data rom/eprom results to data space (write line) rom/eprom dedications accumulator control signals oscin oscout address decoder 256 12 program counter and 6 layer stack 0,01 to 8mhz vr01811 16
17/80 st62t80b/e80b cpu registers (contd) however, if the program space contains more than 4096 bytes, the additional memory in program space can be addressed by using the program bank switch register. the pc value is incremented after reading the ad- dress of the current instruction. to execute relative jumps, the pc and the offset are shifted through the alu, where they are added; the result is then shifted back into the pc. the program counter can be changed in the following ways: - jp (jump) instructionpc=jump address - call instructionpc= call address - relative branch instruction.pc= pc +/- offset - interrupt pc=interrupt vector - reset pc= reset vector - ret & reti instructionspc= pop (stack) - normal instructionpc= pc + 1 flags (c, z) . the st6 cpu includes three pairs of flags (carry and zero), each pair being associated with one of the three normal modes of operation: normal mode, interrupt mode and non maskable interrupt mode. each pair consists of a carry flag and a zero flag. one pair (cn, zn) is used during normal operation, another pair is used dur- ing interrupt mode (ci, zi), and a third pair is used in the non maskable interrupt mode (cnmi, zn- mi). the st6 cpu uses the pair of flags associated with the current mode: as soon as an interrupt (or a non maskable interrupt) is generated, the st6 cpu uses the interrupt flags (resp. the nmi flags) instead of the normal flags. when the reti in- struction is executed, the previously used set of flags is restored. it should be noted that each flag set can only be addressed in its own context (non maskable interrupt, normal interrupt or main rou- tine). the flags are not cleared during context switching and thus retain their status. the carry flag is set when a carry or a borrow oc- curs during arithmetic operations; otherwise it is cleared. the carry flag is also set to the value of the bit tested in a bit test instruction; it also partici- pates in the rotate left instruction. the zero flag is set if the result of the last arithme- tic or logical operation was equal to zero; other- wise it is cleared. switching between the three sets of flags is per- formed automatically when an nmi, an interrupt or a reti instructions occurs. as the nmi mode is automatically selected after the reset of the mcu, the st6 core uses at first the nmi flags. stack. the st6 cpu includes a true lifo hard- ware stack which eliminates the need for a stack pointer. the stack consists of six separate 12-bit ram locations that do not belong to the data space ram area. when a subroutine call (or inter- rupt request) occurs, the contents of each level are shifted into the next higher level, while the content of the pc is shifted into the first level (the original contents of the sixth stack level are lost). when a subroutine or interrupt return occurs (ret or reti instructions), the first level register is shifted back into the pc and the value of each level is popped back into the previous level. since the accumula- tor, in common with all other data space registers, is not stored in this stack, management of these registers should be performed within the subrou- tine. the stack will remain in its deepest position if more than 6 nested calls or interrupts are execut- ed, and consequently the last return address will be lost. it will also remain in its highest position if the stack is empty and a ret or reti is executed. in this case the next instruction will be executed. figure 7. st6 cpu programming mode l short direct addressing mode vregister wregister program counter six levels stack register cz normal flags interrupt flags nmi flags index register va000423 b7 b7 b7 b7 b7 b0 b0 b0 b0 b0 b0 b11 accumulator y reg. pointer x reg. pointer cz cz 17
18/80 st62t80b/e80b 3 clocks, reset, interrupts and power saving modes 3.1 clock system 3.1.1 main oscillator the mcu features a main oscillator which can be driven by an external clock, or used in conjunction with an at-cut parallel resonant crystal or a suita- ble ceramic resonator. figure 8 illustrates various possible oscillator con- figurations using an external crystal or ceramic res- onator, an external clock input. c l1 an c l2 should have a capacitance in the range 12 to 22 pf for an oscillator frequency in the 4-8 mhz range. the internal mcu clock frequency (f int ) is divid- ed by 13 to drive the cpu core and by 12 to drive the a/d converter and the watchdog timer, while clock used to drive on-chip peripherals depends on the peripheral as shown in the clock circuit block diagram. with an 8 mhz oscillator frequency, the fastest ma- chine cycle is therefore 1.625s. a machine cycle is the smallest unit of time needed to execute any operation (for instance, to increment the program counter). an instruction may require two, four, or five machine cycles for execution. figure 8. oscillator configurations figure 9. clock circuit block diagram osc in osc out c l1n c l2 st6xxx crystal/resonator clock osc in osc out st6xxx external clock nc va0016 va0015a main oscillator core : 13 : 12 timer 1 watchdog por f int adc oscin oscout f osc f int osc32in osc32out 32khz oscillator mux lcd controller driver eocr bit 5 (start/stop) uart artimer 18
19/80 st62t80b/e80b clock system (contd) 3.1.2 32 khz stand-by oscillator an additional 32khz stand-by on chip oscillator al- lows to generate real time interrupts and to supply the clock to the lcd driver with the main oscillator stopped. this enables the mcu to perform real time functions with the lcd display running while keeping advantages of low power consumption. figure 10 shows the 32khz oscillator block dia- gram. a 32.768khz quartz crystal must be connected to the osc32in and osc32out pins to perform the real time clock operation. two external capacitors of 15-22pf each must be connected between the oscillator pins and ground. the 32khz oscillator is managed by the dedicated status/control register 32ocr. as long as the 32khz stand-by oscillator is ena- bled, 32khz internal clock is available to drive lcd controller driver. this clock is divide by 2 14 to generate interrupt request every 500ms . the peri- odic interrupt request serves as reference time- base for real time functions. note : when the 32khz stand-by oscillator is stopped (bit 5 of the status/control register cleared) the divider chain is supplied with a clock signal synchronous with machine cycle (f int /13), this produces an interrupt request every 13x2 14 clock cycle (i.e. 26.624ms) with an 8mhz quartz crystal. 32khz oscillator register (32ocr) address: dbh - read/write bit 7 = eosci . enable oscillator interrupt . this bit, when set, enables the 32khz oscillator interrupt request. bit 6 = osceoc . oscillator interrupt flag . this bit indicates when the 32khz oscillator has measured a 500ms elapsed time (providing a 32.768khzquartz crystal is connected to the 32khz oscillator dedicated pins). an interrupt re- quest can be generated in relation to the state of eosci bit. this bit must be cleared by the user program before leaving the interrupt service rou- tine. bit 5 = start/stop . o scillator start/stop bit . this bit, when set, enables the 32khz stand-by oscillator and the free running divider chain is sup- plied by the 32khz oscillator signal. when this bit is cleared to zero the divider chain is supplied with f int /13. this register is cleared during reset. note : to achieve minimum power consumption in stop mode (no system clock), the stand-by oscillator must be switched off (real time function not availa- ble) by clearing the start/stop bit in the oscillator status/control register. figure 10. 32khz oscillator block diagram 70 eosci osceoc s/s d4 d3 d2 d1 d0 osc32khz eosci osceoc start stop x xxxx int osc32in osc32out 2x15...22pf 32.768khz crystal f int /13 osc32khz mux 1 0 div 2 14 19
20/80 st62t80b/e80b 3.2 resets the mcu can be reset in three ways: C by the external reset input being pulled low; C by power-on reset; C by the digital watchdog peripheral timing out. 3.2.1 reset input the reset pin may be connected to a device of the application board in order to reset the mcu if required. the r eset pin may be pulled low in run, wait or stop mode. this input can be used to reset the mcu internal state and ensure a correct start-up procedure. the pin is active low and features a schmitt trigger input. the internal reset signal is generated by adding a delay to the external signal. therefore even short pulses on the reset pin are acceptable, provided v dd has completed its rising phase and that the oscillator is running correctly (normal run or wait modes). the mcu is kept in the reset state as long as the reset pin is held low. if reset activation occurs in the run or wait modes, processing of the user program is stopped (run mode only), the inputs and outputs are con- figured as inputs with pull-up resistors and the main oscillator is restarted. when the level on the reset pin then goes high, the initialization se- quence is executed following expiry of the internal delay period. if reset pin activation occurs in the stop mode, the oscillator starts up and all inputs and outputs are configured as inputs with pull-up resistors. when the level of the r eset pin then goes high, the initialization sequence is executed following expiry of the internal delay period. 3.2.2 power-on reset the function of the por circuit consists in waking up the mcu at an appropriate stage during the power-on sequence. at the beginning of this se- quence, the mcu is configured in the reset state: all i/o ports are configured as inputs with pull-up resistors and no instruction is executed. when the power supply voltage rises to a sufficient level, the oscillator starts to operate, whereupon an internal delay is initiated, in order to allow the oscillator to fully stabilize before executing the first instruction. the initialization sequence is executed immediate- ly following the internal delay. the internal delay is generated by an on-chip coun- ter. the internal reset line is released 2048 internal clock cycles after release of the external reset. notes: to ensure correct start-up, the user should take care that the reset signal is not released before the v dd level is sufficient to allow mcu operation at the chosen frequency (see recommended oper- ating conditions). a proper reset signal for a slow rising v dd supply can generally be provided by an external rc net- work connected to the reset pin. figure 11. reset and interrupt processing int latch cleared nmi mask set reset ( if present ) select nmi mode flags is reset still present? yes put ffeh on address bus from reset locations ffe/fff no fetch instruction load pc va000427 20
21/80 st62t80b/e80b resets (contd) 3.2.3 watchdog reset the mcu provides a watchdog timer function in order to ensure graceful recovery from software upsets. if the watchdog register is not refreshed before an end-of-count condition is reached, the internal reset will be activated. this, amongst oth- er things, resets the watchdog counter. the mcu restarts just as though the reset had been generated by the reset pin, including the built-in stabilisation delay period. 3.2.4 application notes no external resistor is required between v dd and the reset pin, thanks to the built-in pull-up device. the por circuit operates dynamically, in that it triggers mcu initialization on detecting the rising edge of v dd . the typical threshold is in the region of 2 volts, but the actual value of the detected threshold depends on the way in which v dd rises. the por circuit is not designed to supervise static, or slowly rising or falling v dd . 3.2.5 mcu initialization sequence when a reset occurs the stack is reset, the pc is loaded with the address of the reset vector (locat- ed in program rom starting at address 0ffeh). a jump to the beginning of the user program must be coded at this address. following a reset, the in- terrupt flag is automatically set, so that the cpu is in non maskable interrupt mode; this prevents the initialisation routine from being interrupted. the in- itialisation routine should therefore be terminated by a reti instruction, in order to revert to normal mode and enable interrupts. if no pending interrupt is present at the end of the initialisation routine, the mcu will continue by processing the instruction immediately following the reti instruction. if, how- ever, a pending interrupt is present, it will be serv- iced. figure 12. reset and interrupt processing figure 13. reset block diagram reset reset vector jp jp:2 bytes/4 cycles reti reti: 1 byte/2 cycles initialization routine va00181 v dd reset 300k w 2.8k w power watchdog reset ck counter reset st6 internal reset f osc reset on reset va0200b 21
22/80 st62t80b/e80b resets (contd) table 7. register reset status register address(es) status comment eeprom control register port data registers port a,b direction register port a,b option register interrupt option register spi registers lcd mode control register 32khz oscillator register 0dfh 0c0h, 0c1h, 0c3h 0c4h to 0c6h 0cch, 0ceh, ocfh 0c8h 0c2h, 0ddh 0dch 0dbh 00h eeprom enabled i/o are input with pull-up interrupt disabled spi disabled lcd display off interrupt disabled uart control uart data register 00h uart disabled x, y, v, w, register accumulator data ram data ram/eeprom/lcdram page register data rom window register eeprom a/d result register 080h to 083h 0ffh 084h to 0bfh 0cbh 0c9h 00h to 03fh 0d0h undefined as written if programmed timer 1 status/control timer 1 counter register timer 1 prescaler register watchdog counter register a/d control register 0d4h 0d3h 0d2h 0d8h 0d1h 00h ffh 7fh feh 40h timer 1 disabled/max count loaded a/d in standby ar timer mode control register ar timer status/control 1 register ar timer status/control 2register ar timer compare register ar timer load register ar timer reload/capture register 0e5h 0e6h 0e7h 0eah 0ebh 0e9h 00h undefined ar timer stopped as written if programmed 22
23/80 st62t80b/e80b 3.3 digital watchdog the digital watchdog consists of a reloadable downcounter timer which can be used to provide controlled recovery from software upsets. the watchdog circuit generates a reset when the downcounter reaches zero. user software can prevent this reset by reloading the counter, and should therefore be written so that the counter is regularly reloaded while the user program runs correctly. in the event of a software mishap (usual- ly caused by externally generated interference), the user program will no longer behave in its usual fashion and the timer register will thus not be re- loaded periodically. consequently the timer will decrement down to 00h and reset the mcu. in or- der to maximise the effectiveness of the watchdog function, user software must be written with this concept in mind. watchdog behaviour is governed by one option, known as watchdog activation (i.e. hardware or software) (see table 8 ). in the software option, the watchdog is disa- bled until bit c of the dwdr register has been set. when the watchdog is disabled, low power stop mode is available. once activated, the watchdog cannot be disabled, except by resetting the mcu. in the hardware option, the watchdog is per- manently enabled. since the oscillator will run con- tinuously, low power mode is not available. the stop instruction is interpreted as a wait instruc- tion, and the watchdog continues to countdown. when the mcu exits stop mode (i.e. when an in- terrupt is generated), the watchdog resumes its activity. table 8. recommended option choices functions required recommended options stop mode software watchdog watchdog hardware watchdog 23
24/80 st62t80b/e80b digital watchdog (contd) the watchdog is associated with a data space register (digital watchdog register, dwdr, loca- tion 0d8h) which is described in greater detail in section 3.3.1 . this register is set to 0feh on re- set: bit c is cleared to 0, which disables the watchdog; the timer downcounter bits, t0 to t5, and the sr bit are all set to 1, thus selecting the longest watchdog timer period. this time period can be set to the users requirements by setting the appropriate value for bits t0 to t5 in the dwdr register. the sr bit must be set to 1, since it is this bit which generates the reset signal when it changes to 0; clearing this bit would gen- erate an immediate reset. it should be noted that the order of the bits in the dwdr register is inverted with respect to the as- sociated bits in the down counter: bit 7 of the dwdr register corresponds, in fact, to t0 and bit 2 to t5. the user should bear in mind the fact that these bits are inverted and shifted with respect to the physical counter bits when writing to this regis- ter. the relationship between the dwdr register bits and the physical implementation of the watch- dog timer downcounter is illustrated in figure 14 . only the 6 most significant bits may be used to de- fine the time period, since it is bit 6 which triggers the reset when it changes to 0. this offers the user a choice of 64 timed periods ranging from 3,072 to 196,608 clock cycles (with an oscillator frequency of 8mhz, this is equivalent to timer peri- ods ranging from 384s to 24.576ms). figure 14. watchdog counter control watchdog control register d0 d1 d3 d4 d5 d6 d7 watchdog counter c sr t5 t4 t3 t2 t1 d2 t0 osc ? 12 reset vr02068a ? 2 8 24
25/80 st62t80b/e80b digital watchdog (contd) 3.3.1 digital watchdog register (dwdr) address: 0d8h read/write reset status: 1111 1110b bit 0 = c : watchdog control bit if the hardware option is selected, this bit is forced high and the user cannot change it (the watchdog is always active). when the software option is se- lected, the watchdog function is activated by set- ting bit c to 1, and cannot then be disabled (save by resetting the mcu). when c is kept low the counter can be used as a 7-bit timer. this bit is cleared to 0 on reset. bit 1 = sr : software reset bit this bit triggers a reset when cleared. when c = 0 (watchdog disabled) it is the msb of the 7-bit timer. this bit is set to 1 on reset. bits 2-7 = t5-t0 : downcounter bits it should be noted that the register bits are re- versed and shifted with respect to the physical counter: bit-7 (t0) is the lsb of the watchdog downcounter and bit-2 (t5) is the msb. these bits are set to 1 on reset. 3.3.2 application notes the watchdog plays an important supporting role in the high noise immunity of st62xx devices, and should be used wherever possible. watchdog re- lated options should be selected on the basis of a trade-off between application security and stop mode availability. when stop mode is not required, hardware acti- vation should be preferred, as it provides maxi- mum security, especially during power-on. when software activation is selected and the watchdog is not activated, the downcounter may be used as a simple 7-bit timer (remember that the bits are in reverse order). the software activation option should be chosen only when the watchdog counter is to be used as a timer. to ensure the watchdog has not been un- expectedly activated, the following instructions should be executed within the first 27 instructions: jrr 0, wd, #+3 70 t0 t1 t2 t3 t4 t5 sr c 25
26/80 st62t80b/e80b digital watchdog (contd) these instructions test the c bit and reset the mcu (i.e. disable the watchdog) if the bit is set (i.e. if the watchdog is active), thus disabling the watchdog. in all modes, a minimum of 28 instructions are ex- ecuted after activation, before the watchdog can generate a reset. consequently, user software should load the watchdog counter within the first 27 instructions following watchdog activation (software mode), or within the first 27 instructions executed following a reset (hardware activation). it should be noted that when the gen bit is low (in- terrupts disabled), the nmi interrupt is active but cannot cause a wake up from stop/wait modes. figure 15. digital watchdog block diagram rsff 8 data bus va00010 -2 -12 oscillator reset write reset db0 r s q db1.7 set load 7 8 -2 set clock 26
27/80 st62t80b/e80b 3.4 interrupts the cpu can manage four maskable interrupt sources, in addition to a non maskable interrupt source (top priority interrupt). each source is asso- ciated with a specific interrupt vector which con- tains a jump instruction to the associated interrupt service routine. these vectors are located in pro- gram space (see table 9 ). when an interrupt source generates an interrupt request, and interrupt processing is enabled, the pc register is loaded with the address of the inter- rupt vector (i.e. of the jump instruction), which then causes a jump to the relevant interrupt serv- ice routine, thus servicing the interrupt. interrupt sources are linked to events either on ex- ternal pins, or on chip peripherals. several events can be ored on the same interrupt source, and relevant flags are available to determine which event triggered the interrupt. the non maskable interrupt request has the high- est priority and can interrupt any interrupt routine at any time; the other four interrupts cannot inter- rupt each other. if more than one interrupt request is pending, these are processed by the processor core according to their priority level: source #1 has the higher priority while source #4 the lower. the priority of each interrupt source is fixed. table 9. interrupt vector map 3.4.1 interrupt request all interrupt sources but the non maskable inter- rupt source can be disabled by setting accordingly the gen bit of the interrupt option register (ior). this gen bit also defines if an interrupt source, in- cluding the non maskable interrupt source, can re- start the mcu from stop/wait modes. interrupt request from the non maskable interrupt source #0 is latched by a flip flop which is automat- ically reset by the core at the beginning of the non- maskable interrupt service routine. interrupt request from source #1 can be config- ured either as edge or level sensitive by setting ac- cordingly the les bit of the interrupt option regis- ter (ior). interrupt request from source #2 are always edge sensitive. the edge polarity can be configured by setting accordingly the esb bit of the interrupt op- tion register (ior). interrupt request from sources #3 & #4 are level sensitive. in edge sensitive mode, a latch is set when a edge occurs on the interrupt source line and is cleared when the associated interrupt routine is started. so, the occurrence of an interrupt can be stored, until completion of the running interrupt routine be- fore being processed. if several interrupt requests occurs before completion of the running interrupt routine, only the first request is stored. storage of interrupt requests is not available in lev- el sensitive mode. to be taken into account, the low level must be present on the interrupt pin when the mcu samples the line after instruction execu- tion. at the end of every instruction, the mcu tests the interrupt lines: if there is an interrupt request the next instruction is not executed and the appropri- ate interrupt service routine is executed instead. table 10. interrupt option register description interrupt source priority vector address interrupt source #0 1 (ffch-ffdh) interrupt source #1 2 (ff6h-ff7h) interrupt source #2 3 (ff4h-ff5h) interrupt source #3 4 (ff2h-ff3h) interrupt source #4 5 (ff0h-ff1h) gen set enable all interrupts cleared disable all interrupts esb set rising edge mode on inter- rupt source #2 cleared falling edge mode on inter- rupt source #2 les set level-sensitive mode on in- terrupt source #1 cleared falling edge mode on inter- rupt source #1 others not used 27
28/80 st62t80b/e80b interrupts (contd) 3.4.2 interrupt procedure the interrupt procedure is very similar to a call pro- cedure, indeed the user can consider the interrupt as an asynchronous call procedure. as this is an asynchronous event, the user cannot know the context and the time at which it occurred. as a re- sult, the user should save all data space registers which may be used within the interrupt routines. there are separate sets of processor flags for nor- mal, interrupt and non-maskable interrupt modes, which are automatically switched and so do not need to be saved. the following list summarizes the interrupt proce- dure: mcu C the interrupt is detected. C the c and z flags are replaced by the interrupt flags (or by the nmi flags). C the pc contents are stored in the first level of the stack. C the normal interrupt lines are inhibited (nmi still active). C the first internal latch is cleared. C the associated interrupt vector is loaded in the pc. warning: in some circumstances, when a maskable interrupt occurs while the st6 core is in normal mode and especially during the execu- tion of an "ldi ior, 00h" instruction (disabling all maskable interrupts): if the interrupt arrives during the first 3 cycles of the "ldi" instruction (which is a 4-cycle instruction) the core will switch to interrupt mode but the flags cn and zn will not switch to the interrupt pair ci and zi. user C user selected registers are saved within the in- terrupt service routine (normally on a software stack). C the source of the interrupt is found by polling the interrupt flags (if more than one source is associ- ated with the same vector). C the interrupt is serviced. C return from interrupt (reti) mcu C automatically the mcu switches back to the nor- mal flag set (or the interrupt flag set) and pops the previous pc value from the stack. the interrupt routine usually begins by the identify- ing the device which generated the interrupt re- quest (by polling). the user should save the regis- ters which are used within the interrupt routine in a software stack. after the reti instruction is exe- cuted, the mcu returns to the main routine. figure 16. interrupt processing flow chart instruction fetch instruction execute instruction was the instruction a reti ? ? clear interrupt mask select program flags "pop" the stacked pc ? check if there is an interrupt request and interrupt mask select internal mode flag push the pc into the stack load pc from interrupt vector (ffc/ffd) set interrupt mask no no yes is the core already in normal mode? va000014 yes no yes 28
29/80 st62t80b/e80b interrupts (contd) 3.4.3 interrupt option register (ior) the interrupt option register (ior) is used to en- able/disable the individual interrupt sources and to select the operating mode of the external interrupt inputs. this register is write-only and cannot be accessed by single-bit operations. address: 0c8h write only reset status: 00h bit 7, bits 3-0 = unused . bit 6 = les : level/edge selection bit . when this bit is set to one, the interrupt source #1 is level sensitive. when cleared to zero the edge sensitive mode for interrupt request is selected. bit 5 = esb : edge selection bit . the bit esb selects the polarity of the interrupt source #2. bit 4 = gen : global enable interrupt . when this bit is set to one, all interrupts are enabled. when this bit is cleared to zero all the interrupts (excluding nmi) are disabled. when the gen bit is low, the nmi interrupt is ac- tive but cannot cause a wake up from stop/wait modes. this register is cleared on reset. 3.4.4 interrupt sources interrupt sources available on the st62e80b/t80b are summarized in the table 11 with associated mask bit to enable/disable the in- terrupt request. table 11. interrupt requests and mask bits 70 - les esb gen - - - - peripheral register address register mask bit masked interrupt source interrupt source general ior c8h gen all interrupts, excluding nm iall timer 1 tscr1 d4h eti tmz: timer overflow source 3 a/d converter adcr d1h eai eoc: end of conversion source 4 spi spi c2h all end of transmission source 1 port pan orpa-drpa c0h-c4h orpan-drpan pan pin source 2 port pbn orpb-drpb c1h-c5h orpbn-drpbn pbn pin source 2 port pcn orpc-drpc c6h-cfh orpcn-drpcn pcn pin source 2 32khz osc 32ocr dbh eosci osceoc source 3 artimer armc e5h ovie cpie eie ovf: artimer overflow cpf: successful compare ef: active edge on artimin source 3 uart uartcr d7h rxien txien rxrdy: byte received txmt: byte sent source 4 29
30/80 st62t80b/e80b interrupts (contd) figure 17. interrupt block diagram port a pbe v dd from register port a,b,c single bit enable ff clk q clr i 0 start int #0 nmi (ffc,d)) int #2 (ff4,5) nmi port b bits spi ff clk q clr 0 mux 1 i 1 start ior bit 6 (les) pbe ff clk q clr ior bit 5 (esb) i 2 start int #1 (ff6,7) int #3 (ff2,3) int #4 (ff0,1) ior bit 4(gen) port c tmz eti ovf ovie osceoc eosci eai eoc restart stop/wait from pbe timer1 artimer osc32khz a/d converter cpf cpie ef eie rxrdy rxien txmt txien 30
31/80 st62t80b/e80b 3.5 power saving modes the wait and stop modes have been imple- mented in the st62xx family of mcus in order to reduce the products electrical consumption during idle periods. these two power saving modes are described in the following paragraphs. 3.5.1 wait mode the mcu goes into wait mode as soon as the wait instruction is executed. the microcontroller can be considered as being in a software frozen state where the core stops processing the pro- gram instructions, the ram contents and peripher- al registers are preserved as long as the power supply voltage is higher than the ram retention voltage. in this mode the peripherals are still ac- tive. wait mode can be used when the user wants to reduce the mcu power consumption during idle periods, while not losing track of time or the capa- bility of monitoring external events. the active os- cillator is not stopped in order to provide a clock signal to the peripherals. timer counting may be enabled as well as the timer interrupt, before en- tering the wait mode: this allows the wait mode to be exited when a timer interrupt occurs. the same applies to other peripherals which use the clock signal. if the wait mode is exited due to a reset (either by activating the external pin or generated by the watchdog), the mcu enters a normal reset proce- dure. if an interrupt is generated during wait mode, the mcus behaviour depends on the state of the processor core prior to the wait instruction, but also on the kind of interrupt request which is generated. this is described in the following para- graphs. the processor core does not generate a delay following the occurrence of the interrupt, be- cause the oscillator clock is still available and no stabilisation period is necessary. 3.5.2 stop mode if the watchdog is disabled, stop mode is availa- ble. when in stop mode, the mcu is placed in the lowest power consumption mode. in this oper- ating mode, the microcontroller can be considered as being frozen, no instruction is executed, the oscillator is stopped, the ram contents and pe- ripheral registers are preserved as long as the power supply voltage is higher than the ram re- tention voltage, and the st62xx core waits for the occurrence of an external interrupt request or a reset to exit the stop state. if the stop state is exited due to a reset (by acti- vating the external pin) the mcu will enter a nor- mal reset procedure. behaviour in response to in- terrupts depends on the state of the processor core prior to issuing the stop instruction, and also on the kind of interrupt request that is gener- ated. this case will be described in the following para- graphs. the processor core generates a delay af- ter occurrence of the interrupt request, in order to wait for complete stabilisation of the oscillator, be- fore executing the first instruction. 31
32/80 st62t80b/e80b power saving mode (contd) 3.5.3 exit from wait and stop modes the following paragraphs describe how the mcu exits from wait and stop modes, when an inter- rupt occurs (not a reset). it should be noted that the restart sequence depends on the original state of the mcu (normal, interrupt or non-maskable in- terrupt mode) prior to entering wait or stop mode, as well as on the interrupt type. interrupts do not affect the oscillator selection. 3.5.3.1 normal mode if the mcu was in the main routine when the wait or stop instruction was executed, exit from stop or wait mode will occur as soon as an interrupt oc- curs; the related interrupt routine is executed and, on completion, the instruction which follows the stop or wait instruction is then executed, pro- viding no other interrupts are pending. 3.5.3.2 non maskable interrupt mode if the stop or wait instruction has been execut- ed during execution of the non-maskable interrupt routine, the mcu exits from the stop or wait mode as soon as an interrupt occurs: the instruction which follows the stop or wait instruction is ex- ecuted, and the mcu remains in non-maskable in- terrupt mode, even if another interrupt has been generated. 3.5.3.3 normal interrupt mode if the mcu was in interrupt mode before the stop or wait instruction was executed, it exits from stop or wait mode as soon as an interrupt oc- curs. nevertheless, two cases must be consid- ered: C if the interrupt is a normal one, the interrupt rou- tine in which the wait or stop mode was en- tered will be completed, starting with the execution of the instruction which follows the stop or the wait instruction, and the mcu is still in the interrupt mode. at the end of this rou- tine pending interrupts will be serviced in accord- ance with their priority. C in the event of a non-maskable interrupt, the non-maskable interrupt service routine is proc- essed first, then the routine in which the wait or stop mode was entered will be completed by executing the instruction following the stop or wait instruction. the mcu remains in normal interrupt mode. notes: to achieve the lowest power consumption during run or wait modes, the user program must take care of: C configuring unused i/os as inputs without pull-up (these should be externally tied to well defined logic levels); C placing all peripherals in their power down modes before entering stop mode; when the hardware activated watchdog is select- ed, or when the software watchdog is enabled, the stop instruction is disabled and a wait instruc- tion will be executed in its place. if all interrupt sources are disabled (gen low), the mcu can only be restarted by a reset. although setting gen low does not mask the nmi as an in- terrupt, it will stop it generating a wake-up signal. the wait and stop instructions are not execut- ed if an enabled interrupt request is pending. 32
33/80 st62t80b/e80b 4 on-chip peripherals 4.1 i/o ports the mcu features input/output lines which may be individually programmed as any of the following input or output configurations: C input without pull-up or interrupt C input with pull-up and interrupt C input with pull-up, but without interrupt C analog input C push-pull output C open drain output the lines are organised as bytewise ports. each port is associated with 3 registers in data space. each bit of these registers is associated with a particular line (for instance, bits 0 of port a data, direction and option registers are associat- ed with the pa0 line of port a). the data registers (drx), are used to read the voltage level values of the lines which have been configured as inputs, or to write the logic value of the signal to be output on the lines configured as outputs. the port data registers can be read to get the effective logic levels of the pins, but they can be also written by user software, in conjunction with the related option registers, to select the dif- ferent input mode options. single-bit operations on i/o registers are possible but care is necessary because reading in input mode is done from i/o pins while writing will direct- ly affect the port data register causing an unde- sired change of the input configuration. the data direction registers (ddrx) allow the data direction (input or output) of each pin to be set. the option registers (orx) are used to select the different port options available both in input and in output mode. all i/o registers can be read or written to just as any other ram location in data space, so no extra ram cells are needed for port data storage and manipulation. during mcu initialization, all i/o reg- isters are cleared and the input mode with pull-ups and no interrupt generation is selected for all the pins, thus avoiding pin conflicts. figure 18. i/o port block diagram v dd reset s in controls s out shift register data data direction register register option register input/output to interrupt v dd to adc va00413 33
34/80 st62t80b/e80b i/o ports (contd) 4.1.1 operating modes each pin may be individually programmed as input or output with various configurations. this is achieved by writing the relevant bit in the data (dr), data direction (ddr) and option reg- isters (or). table 12 illustrates the various port configurations which can be selected by user soft- ware. 4.1.1.1 input options pull-up, high impedance option. all input lines can be individually programmed with or without an internal pull-up by programming the or and dr registers accordingly. if the pull-up option is not selected, the input pin will be in the high-imped- ance state. 4.1.1.2 interrupt options all input lines can be individually connected by software to the interrupt system by programming the or and dr registers accordingly. the inter- rupt trigger modes (falling edge, rising edge and low level) can be configured by software as de- scribed in the interrupt chapter for each port. 4.1.1.3 analog input options some pins can be configured as analog inputs by programming the or and dr registers according- ly. these analog inputs are connected to the on- chip 8-bit analog to digital converter. only one pin should be programmed as an analog input at any time, since by selecting more than one input simultaneously their pins will be effectively short- ed. table 12. i/o port option selection note: x = dont care ddr or dr mode option 0 0 0 input with pull-up, no interrupt 0 0 1 input no pull-up, no interrupt 0 1 0 input with pull-up and with interrupt 0 1 1 input analog input (when available) 1 0 x output open-drain output (20ma sink when available) 1 1 x output push-pull output (20ma sink when available) 34
35/80 st62t80b/e80b i/o ports (contd) 4.1.2 safe i/o state switching sequence switching the i/o ports from one state to another should be done in a sequence which ensures that no unwanted side effects can occur. the recom- mended safe transitions are illustrated in figure 19 . all other transitions are potentially risky and should be avoided when changing the i/o operat- ing mode, as it is most likely that undesirable side- effects will be experienced, such as spurious inter- rupt generation or two pins shorted together by the analog multiplexer. single bit instructions (set, res, inc and dec) should be used with great caution on ports data registers, since these instructions make an implicit read and write back of the entire register. in port input mode, however, the data register reads from the input pins directly, and not from the data regis- ter latches. since data register information in input mode is used to set the characteristics of the input pin (interrupt, pull-up, analog input), these may be unintentionally reprogrammed depending on the state of the input pins. as a general rule, it is better to limit the use of single bit instructions on data registers to when the whole (8-bit) port is in output mode. in the case of inputs or of mixed inputs and outputs, it is advisable to keep a copy of the data register in ram. single bit instructions may then be used on the ram copy, after which the whole copy register can be written to the port data regis- ter: set bit, datacopy ld a, datacopy ld dra, a warning: care must also be taken to not use in- structions that act on a whole port register (inc, dec, or read operations) when all 8 bits are not available on the device. unavailable bits must be masked by software (and instruction). the wait and stop instructions allow the st62xx to be used in situations where low power consumption is needed. the lowest power con- sumption is achieved by configuring i/os in input mode with well-defined logic levels. the user must take care not to switch outputs with heavy loads during the conversion of one of the analog inputs in order to avoid any disturbance to the conversion. figure 19. diagram showing safe i/o state transitions note *. xxx = ddr, or, dr bits respectively interrupt pull-up output open drain output push-pull input pull-up (reset state) input analog output open drain output push-pull input 010* 000 100 110 011 001 101 111 35
36/80 st62t80b/e80b i/o ports (contd) table 13. i/o port configuration for the st62t80b/e80b note 1 . provided the correct configuration has been selected. mode available on (1) schematic input pa2-pa7 pb0-pb7 pc0-pc7 input with pull up (reset state) pa2-pa7 pb0-pb7 pc0-pc7 input with pull up with interrupt pa2-pa7 pb0-pb7 pc0-pc7 analog input pb0-pb7 pc4-pc7 open drain output 5ma open drain output 20ma pa2-pa7 pb0-pb7 pc0-pc7 pa2-pa7 pc0-pc3 push-pull output 5ma push-pull output 20ma sink pa2-pa7 pb0-pb7 pc0-pc7 pa2-pa7 pc0-pc3 data in interrupt data in interrupt data in interrupt data out adc data out 36
37/80 st62t80b/e80b i/o ports (contd) 4.1.3 artimer alternate functions when bit pwmoe of register armc is low, pin artimout/pb7 is configured as any standard pin of port b through the port registers. when pw- moe is high, artimout/pb7 is the pwm output, independently of the port registers configuration. artimin/pb6 is connected to the ar timer input. it is configured through the port registers as any standard pin of port b. to use artimin/pb6 as ar timer input, it must be configured as input through ddrb. 4.1.4 spi alternate functions pa6/sin and pa5/scl pins must be configured as input through the ddr and or registers to be used as data in and data clock (slave mode) for the spi. all input modes are available and i/o's can be read independently of the spi at any time. pa7/sout must be configured in open drain output mode to be used as data out for the spi. in output mode, the value present on the pin is the port data register content only if pa7 is defined as push pull output, while serial transmission is possible only in open drain mode. 4.1.5 uart alternate functions pb0/rxd1 pin must be configured as input through the ddr and or registers to be used as reception line for the uart. all input modes are available and pb0 can be read independently of the uart at any time. pb1/txd1 pin must be configured as output through the ddr and or registers to be used as transmission line for the uart. value present on the pin in output mode is the data register content as long as no transmission is active. 37
38/80 st62t80b/e80b figure 20. peripheral interface configuration of serial i/o timer 1, artimer pa7/sout pa6/sin pa5/scl pa4/tim1 pb6/artimin pb7/artimout vr01661 in out timer1 timin pwmoe artimer timout clock in spi out dr dr dr mux 0 1 dr dr mux 1 0 pp/od pp/od pp/od mux 1 0 dr opr opr opr v dd pb0/rxd1 pid 0 mux 1 pb1/txd1 v dd dr rxd uart iartoe txd pid dr 38
39/80 st62t80b/e80b i/o ports (contd) 4.1.6 i/o port option registers ora/b/c (cch pa, ceh pb, cfh pc) read/write bit 7-0 = px7 - px0 : port a, b, c option register bits. 4.1.7 i/o port data direction registers ddra/b/c (c4h pa, c5h pb, c6h pc) read/write bit 7-0 = px7 - px0 : port a, b, c data direction registers bits. 4.1.8 i/o port data registers dra/b/c (c0h pa, c1h pb, c3h pc) read/write bit 7-0 = px7 - px0 : port a, b, c data registers bits. 70 px7 px6 px5 px4 px3 px2 px1 px0 70 px7 px6 px5 px4 px3 px2 px1 px0 70 px7 px6 px5 px4 px3 px2 px1 px0 39
40/80 st62t80b/e80b 4.2 timer the mcu features an on-chip timer peripheral, consisting of an 8-bit counter with a 7-bit program- mable prescaler, giving a maximum count of 2 15 . the peripheral may be configured in three different operating modes. figure 21 shows the timer block diagram. the external timer pin is available to the user. the content of the 8-bit counter can be read/written in the timer/counter register, tcr, while the state of the 7-bit prescaler can be read in the psc register. the control logic device is managed in the tscr register as described in the following paragraphs. the 8-bit counter is decremented by the output (rising edge) coming from the 7-bit prescaler and can be loaded and read under program control. when it decrements to zero then the tmz (timer zero) bit in the tscr is set to 1. if the eti (ena- ble timer interrupt) bit in the tscr is also set to 1, an interrupt request is generated as described in the interrupt chapter. the timer interrupt can be used to exit the mcu from wait mode. the prescaler input can be the internal frequency f int divided by 12 or an external clock applied to the timer pin. the prescaler decrements on the rising edge. depending on the division factor pro- grammed by ps2, ps1 and ps0 bits in the tscr. the clock input of the timer/counter register is mul- tiplexed to different sources. for division factor 1, the clock input of the prescaler is also that of tim- er/counter; for factor 2, bit 0 of the prescaler regis- ter is connected to the clock input of tcr. this bit changes its state at half the frequency of the pres- caler input clock. for factor 4, bit 1 of the psc is connected to the clock input of tcr, and so forth. the prescaler initialize bit, psi, in the tscr regis- ter must be set to 1 to allow the prescaler (and hence the counter) to start. if it is cleared to 0, all the prescaler bits are set to 1 and the counter is inhibited from counting. the prescaler can be loaded with any value between 0 and 7fh, if bit psi is set to 1. the prescaler tap is selected by means of the ps2/ps1/ps0 bits in the control reg- ister. figure 22 illustrates the timers working principle. figure 21. timer block diagram databus 8 8 8 8 8-bit counter 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 psc status/control register b7 b6 b5 b4 b3 b2 b1 b0 tmz eti tout dout psi ps2 ps1 ps0 select 1 of 7 3 latch synchronization logic timer interrupt line va00009 : 12 f osc 40
41/80 st62t80b/e80b timer (contd) 4.2.1 timer operating modes there are three operating modes, which are se- lected by the tout and dout bits (see tscr register). these three modes correspond to the two clocks which can be connected to the 7-bit prescaler (f int 12 or timer pin signal), and to the output mode. 4.2.1.1 gated mode (tout = 0, dout = 1) in this mode the prescaler is decremented by the timer clock input (f int 12), but only when the signal on the timer pin is held high (allowing pulse width measurement). this mode is selected by clearing the tout bit in the tscr register to 0 (i.e. as input) and setting the dout bit to 1. 4.2.1.2 event counter mode (tout = 0, dout = 0) in this mode, the timer pin is the input clock of the prescaler which is decremented on the rising edge. 4.2.1.3 output mode (tout = 1, dout = data out) the timer pin is connected to the dout latch, hence the timer prescaler is clocked by the pres- caler clock input (f int 12). the user can select the desired prescaler division ratio through the ps2, ps1, ps0 bits. when the tcr count reaches 0, it sets the tmz bit in the tscr. the tmz bit can be tested under program control to perform a timer function whenever it goes high. the low-to-high tmz bit transition is used to latch the dout bit of the tscr and trans- fer it to the timer pin. this operating mode allows external signal generation on the timer pin. table 14. timer operating modes 4.2.2 timer interrupt when the counter register decrements to zero with the eti (enable timer interrupt) bit set to one, an interrupt request is generated as described in the interrupt chapter. when the counter decrements to zero, the tmz bit in the tscr register is set to one. figure 22. timer working principle tout dout timer pin timer function 0 0 input event counter 0 1 input gated input 1 0 output output 0 1 1 output output 1 bit0 bit1 bit2 bit3 bit6 bit5 bit4 clock 7-bit prescaler 8-1 multiplexer 8-bit counter bit0 bit1 bit2 bit3 bit4 bit5 bit6 bit7 1 02 3 4 5 6 7 ps0 ps1 ps2 va00186 41
42/80 st62t80b/e80b timer (contd) 4.2.3 application notes tmz is set when the counter reaches zero; howev- er, it may also be set by writing 00h in the tcr register or by setting bit 7 of the tscr register. the tmz bit must be cleared by user software when servicing the timer interrupt to avoid unde- sired interrupts when leaving the interrupt service routine. after reset, the 8-bit counter register is loaded with 0ffh, while the 7-bit prescaler is load- ed with 07fh, and the tscr register is cleared. this means that the timer is stopped (psi=0) and the timer interrupt is disabled. if the timer is programmed in output mode, the dout bit is transferred to the timer pin when tmz is set to one (by software or due to counter decrement). when tmz is high, the latch is trans- parent and dout is copied to the timer pin. when tmz goes low, dout is latched. a write to the tcr register will predominate over the 8-bit counter decrement to 00h function, i.e. if a write and a tcr register decrement to 00h occur simultaneously, the write will take precedence, and the tmz bit is not set until the 8-bit counter reaches 00h again. the values of the tcr and the psc registers can be read accurately at any time. 4.2.4 timer registers timer status control register (tscr) address: 0d4h read/write bit 7 = tmz : timer zero bit a low-to-high transition indicates that the timer count register has decrement to zero. this bit must be cleared by user software before starting a new count. bit 6 = eti : enable timer interrupt when set, enables the timer interrupt request. if eti=0 the timer interrupt is disabled. if eti=1 and tmz=1 an interrupt request is generated. bit 5 = tout : timers output control when low, this bit selects the input mode for the timer pin. when high the output mode is select- ed. bit 4 = dout : data output data sent to the timer output when tmz is set high (output mode only). input mode selection (input mode only). bit 3 = psi : prescaler initialize bit used to initialize the prescaler and inhibit its count- ing. when psi=0 the prescaler is set to 7fh and the counter is inhibited. when psi=1 the prescal- er is enabled to count downwards. as long as psi=0 both counter and prescaler are not run- ning. bit 2, 1, 0 = ps2, ps1, ps0 : prescaler mux. se- lect. these bits select the division ratio of the pres- caler register. table 15. prescaler division factors timer counter register tcr address: 0d3h read/write bit 7-0 = d7-d0 : counter bits. prescaler register psc address: 0d2h read/write bit 7 = d7 : always read as 0. bit 6-0 = d6-d0 : prescaler bits. 70 tmz eti tout dout psi ps2 ps1 ps0 ps2 ps1 ps0 divided by 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 2 0 1 0 4 0118 10016 10132 11064 111128 70 d7 d6 d5 d4 d3 d2 d1 d0 70 d7 d6 d5 d4 d3 d2 d1 d0 42
43/80 st62t80b/e80b 4.3 auto-reload timer the auto-reload timer (ar timer) on-chip pe- ripheral consists of an 8-bit timer/counter with compare and capture/reload capabilities and of a 7-bit prescaler with a clock multiplexer, enabling the clock input to be selected as f int , f int/3 or an external clock source. a mode control register, armc, two status control registers, arsc0 and arsc1, an output pin, artimout, and an input pin, artimin, allow the auto-reload timer to be used in 4 modes: C auto-reload (pwm generation), C output compare and reload on external event (pll), C input capture and output compare for time meas- urement. C input capture and output compare for period measurement. the ar timer can be used to wake the mcu from wait mode either with an internal or with an exter- nal clock. it also can be used to wake the mcu from stop mode, if used with an external clock signal connected to the artimin pin. a load reg- ister allows the program to read and write the counter on the fly. 4.3.1 ar timer description the ar counter is an 8-bit up-counter incre- mented on the input clocks rising edge. the coun- ter is loaded from the reload/capture register, arrc, for auto-reload or capture operations, as well as for initialization. direct access to the ar counter is not possible; however, by reading or writing the arlr load register, it is possible to read or write the counters contents on the fly. the ar timers input clock can be either the inter- nal clock (from the oscillator divider), the internal clock divided by 3, or the clock signal connected to the artimin pin. selection between these clock sources is effected by suitably programming bits cc0-cc1 of the arsc1 register. the output of the ar multiplexer feeds the 7-bit programmable ar prescaler, arpsc, which selects one of the 8 available taps of the prescaler, as defined by psc0-psc2 in the ar mode control register. thus the division factor of the prescaler can be set to 2n (where n = 0, 1,..7). the clock input to the ar counter is enabled by the ten (timer enable) bit in the armc register. when ten is reset, the ar counter is stopped and the prescaler and counter contents are frozen. when ten is set, the ar counter runs at the rate of the selected clock source. the counter is cleared on system reset. the ar counter may also be initialized by writing to the arlr load register, which also causes an immediate copy of the value to be placed in the ar counter, regardless of whether the counter is run- ning or not. initialization of the counter, by either method, will also clear the arpsc register, where- upon counting will start from a known value. 4.3.2 timer operating modes four different operating modes are available for the ar timer: auto-reload mode with pwm generation. this mode allows a pulse width modulated signal to be generated on the artimout pin with minimum core processing overhead. the free running 8-bit counter is fed by the pres- calers output, and is incremented on every rising edge of the clock signal. when a counter overflow occurs, the counter is automatically reloaded with the contents of the re- load/capture register, arcc, and artimout is set. when the counter reaches the value con- tained in the compare register (arcp), artimout is reset. on overflow, the ovf flag of the arsc0 register is set and an overflow interrupt request is generated if the overflow interrupt enable bit, ovie, in the mode control register (armc), is set. the ovf flag must be reset by the user software. when the counter reaches the compare value, the cpf flag of the arsc0 register is set and a com- pare interrupt request is generated, if the compare interrupt enable bit, cpie, in the mode control register (armc), is set. the interrupt service rou- tine may then adjust the pwm period by loading a new value into arcp. the cpf flag must be reset by user software. the pwm signal is generated on the artimout pin (refer to the block diagram). the frequency of this signal is controlled by the prescaler setting and by the auto-reload value present in the re- load/capture register, arrc. the duty cycle of the pwm signal is controlled by the compare reg- ister, arcp. 43
44/80 st62t80b/e80b auto-reload timer (contd) figure 23. ar timer block diagram data bus 8 8 8 compare 8 reload/capture data bus ar timer vr01660a 8 8 r s tcld ovie pwmoe ovf load artimout m synchro artimin sl0-sl1 int f pb6/ ar register ef register load ar u x f int /3 ar prescaler 7-bit cc0-cc1 ar counter 8-bit ar compare register ovf eie ef interrupt cpf cpie cpf drb7 ddrb7 pb7/ ps0-ps2 88 44
45/80 st62t80b/e80b auto-reload timer (contd) it should be noted that the reload values will also affect the value and the resolution of the duty cycle of pwm output signal. to obtain a signal on arti- mout, the contents of the arcp register must be greater than the contents of the arrc register. the maximum available resolution for the arti- mout duty cycle is: resolution = 1/[255-(arrc)] where arrc is the content of the reload/capture register. the compare value loaded in the com- pare register, arcp, must be in the range from (arrc) to 255. the artc counter is initialized by writing to the arrc register and by then setting the tcld (tim- er load) and the ten (timer clock enable) bits in the mode control register, armc. enabling and selection of the clock source is con- trolled by the cc0, cc1, sl0 and sl1 bits in the status control register, arsc1. the prescaler di- vision ratio is selected by the ps0, ps1 and ps2 bits in the arsc1 register. in auto-reload mode, any of the three available clock sources can be selected: internal clock, in- ternal clock divided by 3 or the clock signal present on the artimin pin. figure 24. auto-reload timer pwm function counter compare value reload register pwm output t t 255 000 vr001852 45
46/80 st62t80b/e80b auto-reload timer (contd) capture mode with pwm generation . in this mode, the ar counter operates as a free running 8-bit counter fed by the prescaler output. the counter is incremented on every clock rising edge. an 8-bit capture operation from the counter to the arrc register is performed on every active edge on the artimin pin, when enabled by edge con- trol bits sl0, sl1 in the arsc1 register. at the same time, the external flag, ef, in the arsc0 register is set and an external interrupt request is generated if the external interrupt enable bit, eie, in the armc register, is set. the ef flag must be reset by user software. each artc overflow sets artimout, while a match between the counter and arcp (compare register) resets artimout and sets the compare flag, cpf. a compare interrupt request is generat- ed if the related compare interrupt enable bit, cpie, is set. a pwm signal is generated on arti- mout. the cpf flag must be reset by user soft- ware. the frequency of the generated signal is deter- mined by the prescaler setting. the duty cycle is determined by the arcp register. initialization and reading of the counter are identi- cal to the auto-reload mode (see previous descrip- tion). enabling and selection of clock sources is control- led by the cc0 and cc1 bits in the ar status con- trol register, arsc1. the prescaler division ratio is selected by pro- gramming the ps0, ps1 and ps2 bits in the arsc1 register. in capture mode, the allowed clock sources are the internal clock and the internal clock divided by 3; the external artimin input pin should not be used as a clock source. capture mode with reset of counter and pres- caler, and pwm generation. this mode is identi- cal to the previous one, with the difference that a capture condition also resets the counter and the prescaler, thus allowing easy measurement of the time between two captures (for input period meas- urement on the artimin pin). load on external input . the counter operates as a free running 8-bit counter fed by the prescaler. the count is incremented on every clock rising edge. each counter overflow sets the artimout pin. a match between the counter and arcp (compare register) resets the artimout pin and sets the compare flag, cpf. a compare interrupt request is generated if the related compare interrupt enable bit, cpie, is set. a pwm signal is generated on artimout. the cpf flag must be reset by user software. initialization of the counter is as described in the previous paragraph. in addition, if the external ar- timin input is enabled, an active edge on the input pin will copy the contents of the arrc register into the counter, whether the counter is running or not. notes : the allowed ar timer clock sources are the fol- lowing: the clock frequency should not be modified while the counter is counting, since the counter may be set to an unpredictable value. for instance, the multiplexer setting should not be modified while the counter is counting. loading of the counter by any means (by auto-re- load, through arlr, arrc or by the core) resets the prescaler at the same time. care should be taken when both the capture inter- rupt and the overflow interrupt are used. capture and overflow are asynchronous. if the capture oc- curs when the overflow interrupt flag, ovf, is high (between counter overflow and the flag being reset by software, in the interrupt routine), the ex- ternal interrupt flag, ef, may be cleared simul- taneusly without the interrupt being taken into ac- count. the solution consists in resetting the ovf flag by writing 06h in the arsc0 register. the value of ef is not affected by this operation. if an interrupt has occured, it will be processed when the mcu exits from the interrupt routine (the second interrupt is latched). ar timer mode clock sources auto-reload mode f int , f int/3 , artimin capture mode f int , f int/3 capture/reset mode f int , f int/3 external load mode f int , f int/3 46
47/80 st62t80b/e80b auto-reload timer (contd) 4.3.3 ar timer registers ar mode control register (armc) address: e5h read/write reset status: 00h the ar mode control register armc is used to program the different operating modes of the ar timer, to enable the clock and to initialize the counter. it can be read and written to by the core and it is cleared on system reset (the ar timer is disabled). bit 7 = tlcd : timer load bit. this bit, when set, will cause the contents of a rrc register to be loaded into the counter and the contents of the prescaler register, arpsc, are cleared in order to initialize the timer before starting to count. this bit is write-only and any attempt to read it will yield a logical zero. bit 6 = ten : timer clock enable. this bit, when set, allows the timer to count. when cleared, it will stop the timer and freeze arpsc and artsc. bit 5 = pwmoe : pwm output enable. this bit, when set, enables the pwm output on the arti- mout pin. when reset, the pwm output is disabled. bit 4 = eie : external interrupt enable. this bit, when set, enables the external interrupt request. when reset, the external interrupt request is masked. if eie is set and the related flag, ef, in the arsc0 register is also set, an interrupt re- quest is generated. bit 3 = cpie : compare interrupt enable. this bit, when set, enables the compare interrupt request. if cpie is reset, the compare interrupt request is masked. if cpie is set and the related flag, cpf, in the arsc0 register is also set, an interrupt re- quest is generated. bit 2 = ovie : overflow interrupt . this bit, when set, enables the overflow interrupt request. if ovie is reset, the compare interrupt request is masked. if ovie is set and the related flag, ovf in the arsc0 register is also set, an interrupt request is generated. bit 1-0 = armc1-armc0 : mode control bits 1-0 . these are the operating mode control bits. the fol- lowing bit combinations will select the various op- erating modes: ar timer status/control registers arsc0 & arsc1. these registers contain the ar timer sta- tus information bits and also allow the program- ming of clock sources, active edge and prescaler multiplexer setting. arsc0 register bits 0,1 and 2 contain the interrupt flags of the ar timer. these bits are read normal- ly. each one may be reset by software. writing a one does not affect the bit value. ar status control register 0 (arsc0) address: e6h read/clear bits 7-3 = d7-d3 : unused bit 2 = ef : external interrupt flag. this bit is set by any active edge on the external artimin input pin. the flag is cleared by writing a zero to the ef bit. bit 1 = cpf : compare interrupt flag. this bit is set if the contents of the counter and the arcp regis- ter are equal. the flag is cleared by writing a zero to the cpf bit. bit 0 = ovf : overflow interrupt flag. this bit is set by a transition of the counter from ffh to 00h (overflow). the flag is cleared by writing a zero to the ovf bit. 70 tcld ten pwmoe eie cpie ovie armc1 armc0 armc1 armc0 operating mode 0 0 auto-reload mode 0 1 capture mode 10 capture mode with reset of artc and arpsc 11 load on external edge mode 70 d7 d6 d5 d4 d3 ef cpf ovf 47
48/80 st62t80b/e80b auto-reload timer (contd) ar status control register 1(arsc1) address: e7h read/write bist 7-5 = ps2-ps0 : prescaler division selection bits 2-0. these bits determine the prescaler divi- sion ratio. the prescaler itself is not affected by these bits. the prescaler division ratio is listed in the following table: table 16. prescaler division ratio selection bit 4 = d4 : reserved . must be kept reset. bit 3-2 = sl1-sl0 : timer input edge control bits 1- 0. these bits control the edge function of the timer input pin for external synchronization. if bit sl0 is re- set, edge detection is disabled; if set edge detection is enabled. if bit sl1 is reset, the ar timer input pin is rising edge sensitive; if set, it is falling edge sen- sitive. bit 1-0 = cc1-cc0 : clock source select bit 1-0. these bits select the clock source for the ar timer through the ar multiplexer. the programming of the clock sources is explained in the following table 17 : table 17. clock source selection. ar load register arlr . the arlr load register is used to read or write the artc counter register on the fly (while it is counting). the arlr regis- ter is not affected by system reset. ar load register (arlr) address: ebh read/write bit 7-0 = d7-d0 : load register data bits. these are the load register data bits. ar reload/capture register . the arrc re- load/capture register is used to hold the auto-re- load value which is automatically loaded into the counter when overflow occurs. ar reload/capture (arrc) address: e9h read/write bit 7-0 = d7-d0 : reload/capture data bits . these are the reload/capture register data bits. ar compare register . the cp compare register is used to hold the compare value for the compare function. ar compare register (arcp) address: eah read/write bit 7-0 = d7-d0 : compare data bits . these are the compare register data bits. 70 ps2 ps1 ps0 d4 sl1 sl0 cc1 cc0 ps2 ps1 ps0 arpsc division ratio 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 2 4 8 16 32 64 128 sl1 sl0 edge detection x 0 disabled 0 1 rising edge 1 1 falling edge cc1 cc0 clock source 00f int 01f int divided by 3 1 0 artimin input clock 1 1 reserved 70 d7 d6 d5 d4 d3 d2 d1 d0 70 d7 d6 d5 d4 d3 d2 d1 d0 70 d7 d6 d5 d4 d3 d2 d1 d0 48
49/80 st62t80b/e80b 4.4 u. a. r. t. (universal asynchronous receiver/transmitter) the uart provides the basic hardware for asyn- chronous serial communication which, combined with an appropriate software routine, gives a serial interface providing communication with common baud rates (up to 38,400 baud with an 8mhz ex- ternal oscillator) and flexible character formats. operating in half-duplex mode only, the uart uses 11-bit characters comprising 1 start bit, 9 data bits and 1 stop bit. parity is supported by software only for transmit and for checking the received par- ity bit (bit 9). transmitted data is sent directly, while received data is buffered allowing further data characters to be received while the data is being read out of the receive buffer register. data trans- mit has priority over data being received. the uart is supplied with an mcu internal clock that is also available in wait mode of the processor. 4.4.1 ports interfacing rxd reception line and txd emission line are sharing the same external pins as two i/o lines. therefore, uart configuration requires to set these two i/o lines through the relevant ports reg- isters. the i/o line common with rxd line must be defined as input mode (with or without pull-up) while the i/o line common with txd line must be defined as output mode (push-pull or open drain). the transmitted data is inverted and can therefore use a single transistor buffering stage. defined as input, the rxd line can be read at any time as an i/o line during the uart operation. the txd pin follows i/o port registers value when uartoe bit is cleared, which means when no serial transmis- sion is in progress. as a consequence, a perma- nent high level has to be written onto the i/o port in order to achieve a proper stop condition on the txd line when no transmission is active. figure 25. uart block diagram control logic to core start detector data shift register d8 d7 d6 d5 d4 d3 d2 d1 d0 control register baud rate receive buffer register programmable divider din dout d9 baud rate x 8 write read rxd1 txd1 uartoe rx and tx interrupts txd dr 0 mux 1 f int vr02009 49
50/80 st62t80b/e80b 4.4.2 clock generation the uart contains a built-in divider of the mcu internal clock for most common baud rates as shown in table 19 . other baud rate values can be calculated from the chosen oscillator frequency di- vided by the divisor value shown. the divided clock provides a frequency that is 8 times the desired baud rate. this allows the data reception mechanism to provide a 2 to 1 majority voting system to determine the logic state of the asynchronous incoming serial logic bit by taking 3 timed samples within the 8 time states. the bits not sampled provide a buffer to compen- sate for frequency offsets between sender and re- ceiver. 4.4.3 data transmission transmission is fixed to a format of one start bit, nine data bits and one stop bit. the start and stop bits are automatically generated by the uart. the nine databits are under control of the user and are flexible in use. bits 0..7 are typically used as data bits while bit 9 is typically used as parity, but can also be a 9th data bit or an additional stop bit. as parity is not generated by the uart, it should be calculated by program and inserted in the appro- priate position of the data (i.e as bit 7 for 7-bit data, with bit 9 set to 1 giving two effective stop bits or as the independent bit 9). figure 26. data sampling points the character options are summarised in the fol- lowing table. table 18. character options bit 9 remains in the state programmed for consec- utive transmissions until changed by the user or until a character is received when the state of this bit is changed to that of the incoming bit 9. the recommended procedure is thus to set the value of this bit before transmission is started. transmission is started by writing to the data reg- ister (the baud rate and bit 9 should be set before this action). the uartoe signal switches the out- put multiplexer to the uart output and a start bit is sent (a 0 for one bit time) followed by the 8 data values (lsb first) and the value of the bit9 bit. the output is then set to 1 for a period of one bit time to generate a stop bit, and then the uartoe signal returns the txd1 line to its alternate i/o function. the end of transmission is flagged by setting txmt to 1 and an interrupt is generated if ena- bled. the txmt flag is reset by writing a 0 to the bit position, it is also cleared automatically when a new character is written to the data register. txmt can be set to 1 by software to generate a software interrupt so care must be taken in manip- ulating the control register. figure 27. character format vr02010 1 bit 0 12 345678 samples start bit 8 data 1 software parity 1 stop start bit 9 data no parity 1 stop start bit 8 data no parity 2 stop start bit 7 data 1 software parity 2 stop vr02012 position 1 28 10 bit bit start stop bit possible next character start d0 d1 d7 d8 start of data 9 50
51/80 st62t80b/e80b 4.4.4 data reception the uart continuously looks for a falling edge on the input pin whenever a transmission is not ac- tive. once an edge is detected it waits 1 bit time (8 states) to accommodate the start bit, and then as- sembles the following serial data stream into the data register. the data in the ninth bit position is copied into bit 9, replacing any previous value set for transmission. after all 9 bits have been re- ceived, the receiver waits for the duration of one bit (for the stop bit) and then transfers the received data into the buffer register, allowing a following character to be received. the interrupt flag rxrdy is set to 1 as the data is transferred to the buffer register and, if enabled, will generate an in- terrupt. if a transmission is started during the course of a reception, the transmission takes priority and the reception is stopped to free the resources for the transmission. this implies that a handshaking sys- tem must be implemented, as polling of the uart to detect reception is not available. figure 28. uart data output 4.4.5 interrupt capabilities both reception and transmission processes can in- duce interrupt to the core as defined in the inter- rupt section. these interrupts are enabled by set- ting txien and rxien bit in the uartcr register, and txmt and rxrdy flags are set accordingly to the interrupt source. 4.4.6 registers uart data register (uartdr) address: d6h, read/write bit7-bit0. uart data bits . a write to this register loads the data into the transmit shift register and triggers the start of transmission. in addition this resets the transmit interrupt flag txmt. a read of this register returns the data from the receive buffer. warning . no read/write instructions may be used with this register as both transmit and receive share the same address table 19. baud rate selection txd1 txd port data 0 mux 1 output uartoe vr02011 70 d7 d6 d5 d4 d3 d2 d1 d0 br2 br2 br0 f int division baud rate f int = 8mhz f int = 4mhz 0 0 0 6.656 1200 600 0 0 1 3.328 2400 1200 0 1 0 1.664 4800 2400 0 1 1 832 9600 4800 1 0 0 416 19200 9600 1 0 1 256 31200 15600 1 1 0 208 38400 19200 1 1 1 reserved 51
52/80 st62t80b/e80b registers (contd) uart control register (uartcr) address: d7h, read/write bit 7 = rxrdy. receiver ready . this flag be- comes active as soon as a complete byte has been received and copied into the receive buffer. it may be cleared by writing a zero to it. writing a one is possible. if the interrupt enable bit rxien is set to one, a software interrupt will be generated. bit 6 = txmt. transmitter empty . this flag be- comes active as soon as a complete byte has been sent. it may be cleared by writing a zero to it. it is automatically cleared by the action of writing a data value into the uart data register. bit 5 = rxien. receive interrupt enable . when this bit is set to 1, the receive interrupt is enabled. writing to rxien does not affect the status of the interrupt flag rxrdy. bit 4 = txien. transmit interrupt enable . when this bit is set to 1, the transmit interrupt is enabled. writing to txien does not affect the status of the interrupt flag txrdy. bit 3-1= br2..br0 . baudrate select . these bits select the operating baud rate of the uart, de- pending on the frequency of fosc. care should be taken not to change these bits during communica- tion as writing to these bits has an immediate ef- fect. bit 0 = dat9 . parity/data bit 9 . this bit represents the 9th bit of the data character that is received or transmitted. a write to this bit sets the level for the bit 9 to be transmitted, so it must always be set to the correct level before transmission. if used as parity, the value has first to be calculated by soft- ware. reading this bit will return the 9th bit of the received character. 70 rxrdy txmt rxien txien br2 br1 br0 dat9 52
53/80 st62t80b/e80b 4.5 a/d converter (adc) the a/d converter peripheral is an 8-bit analog to digital converter with analog inputs as alternate i/o functions (the number of which is device depend- ent), offering 8-bit resolution with a typical conver- sion time of 70us (at an oscillator clock frequency of 8mhz). the adc converts the input voltage by a process of successive approximations, using a clock fre- quency derived from the oscillator with a division factor of twelve. with an oscillator clock frequency less than 1.2mhz, conversion accuracy is de- creased. selection of the input pin is done by configuring the related i/o line as an analog input via the op- tion and data registers (refer to i/o ports descrip- tion for additional information). only one i/o line must be configured as an analog input at any time. the user must avoid any situation in which more than one i/o pin is selected as an analog input si- multaneously, to avoid device malfunction. the adc uses two registers in the data space: the adc data conversion register, adr, which stores the conversion result, and the adc control regis- ter, adcr, used to program the adc functions. a conversion is started by writing a 1 to the start bit (sta) in the adc control register. this auto- matically clears (resets to 0) the end of conver- sion bit (eoc). when a conversion is complete, the eoc bit is automatically set to 1, in order to flag that conversion is complete and that the data in the adc data conversion register is valid. each conversion has to be separately initiated by writing to the sta bit. the sta bit is continuously scanned so that, if the user sets it to 1 while a previous conversion is in progress, a new conversion is started before com- pleting the previous one. the start bit (sta) is a write only bit, any attempt to read it will show a log- ical 0. the a/d converter features a maskable interrupt associated with the end of conversion. this inter- rupt is associated with interrupt vector #4 and oc- curs when the eoc bit is set (i.e. when a conver- sion is completed). the interrupt is masked using the eai (interrupt mask) bit in the control register. the power consumption of the device can be re- duced by turning off the adc peripheral. this is done by setting the pds bit in the adc control reg- ister to 0. if pds=1, the a/d is powered and en- abled for conversion. this bit must be set at least one instruction before the beginning of the conver- sion to allow stabilisation of the a/d converter. this action is also needed before entering wait mode, since the a/d comparator is not automati- cally disabled in wait mode. during reset, any conversion in progress is stopped, the control register is reset to 40h and the adc interrupt is masked (eai=0). figure 29. adc block diagram 4.5.1 application notes the a/d converter does not feature a sample and hold circuit. the analog voltage to be measured should therefore be stable during the entire con- version cycle. voltage variation should not exceed 1/2 lsb for the optimum conversion accuracy. a low pass filter may be used at the analog input pins to reduce input voltage variation during con- version. when selected as an analog channel, the input pin is internally connected to a capacitor c ad of typi- cally 12pf. for maximum accuracy, this capacitor must be fully charged at the beginning of conver- sion. in the worst case, conversion starts one in- struction (6.5 s) after the channel has been se- lected. in worst case conditions, the impedance, asi, of the analog voltage source is calculated us- ing the following formula: 6.5s = 9 x c ad x asi (capacitor charged to over 99.9%), i.e. 30 k w in- cluding a 50% guardband. asi can be higher if c ad has been charged for a longer period by adding in- structions before the start of conversion (adding more than 26 cpu cycles is pointless). control register converter va00418 result register reset interrupt clock av av dd ain 8 core control signals ss 8 core 53
54/80 st62t80b/e80b a/d converter (contd) since the adc is on the same chip as the micro- processor, the user should not switch heavily load- ed output signals during conversion, if high preci- sion is required. such switching will affect the sup- ply voltages used as analog references. the accuracy of the conversion depends on the quality of the power supplies (v dd and v ss ). the user must take special care to ensure a well regu- lated reference voltage is present on the v dd and v ss pins (power supply voltage variations must be less than 5v/ms). this implies, in particular, that a suitable decoupling capacitor is used at the v dd pin. the converter resolution is given by:: the input voltage (ain) which is to be converted must be constant for 1s before conversion and remain constant during conversion. conversion resolution can be improved if the pow- er supply voltage (v dd ) to the microcontroller is lowered. in order to optimise conversion resolution, the user can configure the microcontroller in wait mode, because this mode minimises noise disturbances and power supply variations due to output switch- ing. nevertheless, the wait instruction should be executed as soon as possible after the beginning of the conversion, because execution of the wait instruction may cause a small variation of the v dd voltage. the negative effect of this variation is min- imized at the beginning of the conversion when the converter is less sensitive, rather than at the end of conversion, when the less significant bits are determined. the best configuration, from an accuracy stand- point, is wait mode with the timer stopped. in- deed, only the adc peripheral and the oscillator are then still working. the mcu must be woken up from wait mode by the adc interrupt at the end of the conversion. it should be noted that waking up the microcontroller could also be done using the timer interrupt, but in this case the timer will be working and the resulting noise could affect conversion accuracy. a/d converter control register (adcr) address: 0d1h read/write bit 7 = eai : enable a/d interrupt. if this bit is set to 1 the a/d interrupt is enabled, when eai=0 the interrupt is disabled. bit 6 = eoc : end of conversion. read only . this read only bit indicates when a conversion has been completed. this bit is automatically reset to 0 when the sta bit is written. if the user is using the interrupt option then this bit can be used as an interrupt pending bit. data in the data conversion register are valid only when this bit is set to 1. bit 5 = sta : start of conversion. write only . writ- ing a 1 to this bit will start a conversion on the se- lected channel and automatically reset to 0 the eoc bit. if the bit is set again when a conversion is in progress, the present conversion is stopped and a new one will take place. this bit is write only, any attempt to read it will show a logical zero. bit 4 = pds : power down selection. this bit acti- vates the a/d converter if set to 1. writing a 0 to this bit will put the adc in power down mode (idle mode). bit 3-0 = d3-d0. not used a/d converter data register (adr) address: 0d0h read only bit 7-0 = d7-d0 : 8 bit a/d conversion result. v dd v ss C 256 --------------------------- - 70 eai eoc sta pds d3 d2 d1 d0 70 d7 d6 d5 d4 d3 d2 d1 d0 54
55/80 st62t80b/e80b 4.6 serial peripheral interface (spi) the on-chip spi is an optimized serial synchro- nous interface that supports a wide range of indus- try standard spi specifications. the on-chip spi is controlled by small and simple user software to perform serial data exchange. the serial shift clock can be implemented either by software (us- ing the bit-set and bit-reset instructions), with the on-chip timer 1 by externally connecting the spi clock pin to the timer pin or by directly applying an external clock to the scl line. the peripheral is composed by an 8-bit data/shift register and a 4-bit binary counter while the sin pin is the serial shift input and sout is the serial shift output. these two lines can be tied together to implement two wires protocols (i2c-bus, etc). when data is serialized, the msb is the first bit. sin has to be programmed as input. for serial output operation sout has to be programmed as open- drain output. the scl, sin and sout spi clock and data signals are connected to 3 i/o lines on the same external pins. with these 3 lines, the spi can operate in the following operating modes: software spi, s-bus, i2c-bus and as a standard serial i/o (clock, data, enable). an interrupt request can be generated af- ter eight clock pulses. figure 30 shows the spi block diagram. the scl line clocks, on the falling edge, the shift register and the counter. to allow spi operation in slave mode, the scl pin must be programmed as input and an external clock must be supplied to this pin to drive the spi peripheral. in master mode, scl is programmed as output, a clock signal must be generated by software to set and reset the port line. figure 30. spi block diagram set res clk reset 4-bit counter (q4=high after clock8) data reg direction i/o port 8-bit data shift register reset load dout output enable 8-bit tristate data i/o reset i/o port i/o port cp cp din d0............................d7 to processor data bus q4 q4 opr reg. din scl sin sout spi interrupt disable register spi data register data reg direction data reg direction dout write read mux 0 1 interrupt vr01504 55
56/80 st62t80b/e80b serial peripheral interface (contd) after 8 clock pulses (d7..d0) the output q4 of the 4-bit binary counter becomes low, disabling the clock from the counter and the data/shift register. q4 enables the clock to generate an interrupt on the 8th clock falling edge as long as no reset of the counter (processor write into the 8-bit data/shift register) takes place. after a processor reset the interrupt is disabled. the interrupt is active when writing data in the shift register and desactivated when writing any data in the spi interrupt disable register. the generation of an interrupt to the core provides information that new data is available (input mode) or that transmission is completed (output mode), allowing the core to generate an acknowledge on the 9th clock pulse (i2c-bus). the interrupt is initiated by a high to low transition, and therefore interrupt options must be set accord- ingly as defined in the interrupt section. after power on reset, or after writing the data/shift register, the counter is reset to zero and the clock is enabled. in this condition the data shift register is ready for reception. no start condition has to be detected. through the user software the core may pull down the sin line (acknowledge) and slow down the scl, as long as it is needed to carry out data from the shift register. i2c-bus master-slave, receiver-transmitter when pins sin and sout are externally connected together it is possible to use the spi as a receiver as well as a transmitter. through software routine (by using bit-set and bit-reset on i/o line) a clock can be generated allowing i2c-bus to work in mas- ter mode. when implementing an i2c-bus protocol, the start condition can be detected by setting the processor into a wait for start condition by enabling the inter- rupt of the i/o port used for the sin line. this frees the processor from polling the sin and scl lines. after the transmission/reception the processor has to poll for the stop condition. in slave mode the user software can slow down the scl clock frequency by simply putting the scl i/o line in output open-drain mode and writing a zero into the corresponding data register bit. as it is possible to directly read the sin pin directly through the port register, the software can detect a difference between internal data and external data (master mode). similar condition can be applied to the clock. three (four) wire serial bus it is possible to use a single general purpose i/o pin (with the corresponding interrupt enabled) as a chip enable pin. scl acts as active or passive clock pin, sin as data in and sout as data out (four wire bus). sin and sout can be connected together externally to implement three wire bus. note : when the spi is not used, the three i/o lines (sin, scl, sout) can be used as normal i/o, with the fol- lowing limitation: bit sout cannot be used in open drain mode as this enables the shift register output to the port. it is recommended, in order to avoid spurious in- terrupts from the spi, to disable the spi interrupt (the default state after reset) i.e. no write must be made to the 8-bit shift register. an explicit interrupt disable may be made in software by a dummy write to the spi interrupt disable register. spi data/shift register address: ddh - read/write (sdsr) a write into this register enables spi interrupt after 8 clock pulses. spi interrupt disable register address: c2h - read/write (sidr) a dummy write to this register disables spi inter- rupt. 70 d7 d6 d5 d4 d3 d2 d1 d0 70 d7 d6 d5 d4 d3 d2 d1 d0 56
57/80 st62t80b/e80b 4.7 lcd controller-driver on-chip lcd driver includes all features required for lcd driving, including multiplexing of the com- mon plates. multiplexing allows to increase display capability without increasing the number of seg- ment outputs. in that case, the display capability is equal to the product of the number of common plates with the number of segment outputs. a dedicated lcd ram is used to store the pattern to be displayed while control logic generates ac- cordingly all the waveforms sent onto the segment or common outputs. segments voltage supply is mcu supply independant, and included driving stages allow direct connection to the lcd panel. the multiplexing ratio (number of common plates) and the base lcd frame frequency is software configurable to achieve the best trade-off con- trast/display capability for each display panel. the 32khz clock used for the lcd controller is derivated from the mcus internal clock and there- fore does not require a dedicated oscillator. the division factor is set by the three bits hf0..hf2 of the lcd mode control register lcdcr as sum- marized in table 20 for recommanded oscillator quartz values. in case of oscillator failure, all seg- ment and common lines are switched to ground to avoid any dc biasing of the lcd elements. table 20. oscillator selection bits notes : 1. the usage f osc values different from those defined in this table cause the lcd to operate at a reference frequency different from 32.768khz, ac- cording to division factor of table 20 . 2. it is not recommended to select an internal frequency lower than 32.768khz as the clock su- pervisor circuit may switch off the lcd peripheral if lower frequency is detected. figure 31. lcd block diagram mcu oscillator f osc hf2 hf1 hf0 division factor 0 0 0 clock disabled: display off 1.048mhz 0 1 1 32 2.097mhz 1 0 0 64 4.194mhz 1 0 1 128 8.388mhz 1 1 0 256 data bus control register lcd ram segment driver common driver voltage divider controller clock selection vlcd 1/5 2/5 vlcd vlcd backplanes segments f int osc 32khz (when available) vr02099a 32khz 3/5 vlcd 4/5 vlcd 57
58/80 st62t80b/e80b lcd controller-driver (contd ) 4.7.1 multiplexing ratio and frame frequency setting up to 16 common plates com1..com16 can be used for multiplexing ratio of 1/8, 1/11 and 1/16. the selection is made by the bits mux11 and mux16 of the lcdcr as shown in the table 21 . table 21. multiplexing ratio if the 1/1 multiplexing ratio is chosen, lcd seg- ments are refreshed with a frame frequency flcd derived from 32khz clock with a division ratio de- fined by the bits lf0..lf2 of the lcdcr. when a higher multiplexing ratio is set, refreshment frequency is decreased accordingly ( table 22 ). table 22. lcd frame frequency selection 4.7.2 segment and common plates driving lcd panels physical structure requires precise timings and stepped voltage values on common and segment outputs. timings are managed by the lcd controller, while voltages are generated through an external resistive bridge. in 1/11 and 1/8 multiplexing mode, vlcd 2/5 and vldcd 3/5 are shorted as seen on figure 32 . figure 32. bias config for 1/2 duty note : for display voltages v lcd < 4.5v the resis- tivity of the divider may be too high for some appli- cations (especially using 1/3 or 1/4 duty display mode). in that case an external resistive divider must be used to achieve the desired resistivity. mux11 mux16 display mode active backplanes 0 0 1/8 mux.ratio com1-8 1 0 1/11 mux.ratio com1-16 0 1 1/16 mux.ratio com1-16 1 1 - reserved lf1 lf0 base f lcd (hz) frame frequency f f (hz) 1/8 mux.ratio 1/11 mux.ratio 1/16 mux.ratio 0 1 128 128 93 64 1 0 170 170 124 85 0 0 256 256 186 128 1 1 512 512 372 256 1 1 reserved vlcd vlcd 4/5 vlcd 3/5 vlcd 2/5 vlcd 1/5 gnd c4 c3 c2 c1 c1 c2 c3 gnd vlcd r5 r4 r3 r2 r1 r4 r3 r2 r1 1/4 bias (1/11, 1/8 mux) r2 to r5 should be 1k w to 200k w c1 to c5 should be 0f to 0.3 f vr001662 vlcd 4/5 vlcd 3/5 vlcd 2/5 vlcd 1/5 (1/16 mux) 1/5 bias c5 contrast vs vs contrast c4 58
59/80 st62t80b/e80b lcd controller-driver (contd ) address mapping of the display segments the lcd ram is located in the st6280b data space in two pages of 64 bytes from addresses 00h to 3fh. the lcd forms a matrix of 56 segment lines (columns) and 8 backplane lines (rows) or 48 segment lines and 11 or 16 backplane lines ac- cording to the chosen operating mode. each bit of the lcd ram is mapped to one dot of the lcd matrix, as described in figure 33 . if a bit is set, the corresponding lcd dot is switched on; if it is reset, the dos is switched off. if 1/8 duty cycle mode is selected (56 x 8 dot ma- trix), only ram page 1 is used for display data storage. in this case page 2 is completely free for common data storage. if 1/16 duty cycle mode is selected (48 x 16 dot matrix), ram page 1 and 2 are used for display data storage. in this case addresses 00 to 07 in both pages are free for common data storage. if 1/11 duty cycle mode is selected (48 x 11 dot matrix), ram pages 1 and 2 are used for display data storage. in this case addresses 00 to 07 in both pages and bits 3 to 7 in ram page 2 are free for common data storage. in all display modes 16 bytes from address 38h to 3fh in ram pages 1 and 2 are free common data storage. after reset, the lcd ram is not initialized and con- tains arbitrary information. as the lcd control reg- ister is reset, the lcd is completely switched off. figure 33. addressing mapping of the lcd ram 1/11 mux (48 x 11 = 528 dots lcd-ram address com1 bit0 00 01 - 07 08 - 37 38 - 3e 3f page 1 com2 bit1 com3 bit2 com4 bit3 com5 bit4 com6 bit5 com7 bit6 com8 bit7 com9 bit0 00 01 - 07 08 - 37 38 - 3e 3f page 2 com10 bit1 com11 bit2 com12 bit3 00 01 - 07 08 - 37 38 - 3e 3f 5bitx48 free data storage com13 bit4 com14 bit5 com15 bit6 com16 bit7 s e g s e g s e g s e g s e g 12-89-56 16 bytes free for data storage 16 bytes free for data storage 59
60/80 st62t80b/e80b lcd controller-driver (contd ) addressing mapping of the lcd ram (contd) addressing mapping of the lcd ram (contd) 1/8 mux (56 x 8 = 448 dots lcd-ram address com1 bit0 00 01 - 07 08 - 37 38 - 3e 3f page 1 com2 bit1 com3 bit2 com4 bit3 com5 bit4 com6 bit5 com7 bit6 com8 bit7 s e g s e g s e g s e g s e g 12-89-56 lcd ram page 2: 64 bytes free for data storage 16 bytes free for data storage 1/16 mux (48 x 16 = 768 dots lcd-ram address com1 bit0 00 01 - 07 08 - 37 38 - 3e 3f page 1 com2 bit1 com3 bit2 com4 bit3 com5 bit4 com6 bit5 com7 bit6 com8 bit7 com9 bit0 00 01 - 07 08 - 37 38 - 3e 3f page 2 com10 bit1 com11 bit2 com12 bit3 00 01 - 07 08 - 37 38 - 3e 3f com13 bit4 com14 bit5 com15 bit6 com16 bit7 s e g s e g s e g s e g s e g 12-89-56 16 bytes free for data storage 16 bytes free for data storage 60
61/80 st62t80b/e80b lcd controller-driver (contd ) 4.7.3 stand by or stop operation mode no clock from the main oscillator is available in stop mode for the lcd controller, and the con- troller is switched off when the stop instruction is executed. all segment and common lines are then switched to ground to avoid any dc biasing of the lcd elements. operation in stop mode remain possible by switching to the osc32khz, by setting the hf0..hf2 bit of lcdcr accordingly ( table 23 ). care must be taken for the oscillator switching that lcd function change is only effective at the end of a frame. therefore it must be guaranteed that enough clock pulses are delivered before entering into stop mode. otherwise the lcd function is switched off at stop instruction execution. table 23. oscillator source selection 4.7.4 lcd mode control register (lcdcr) address: dch - read/write bits 7-6 = mux16, mux11. multiplexing ratio se- lect bits . these bits select the number of common backplanes used by the lcd control. bits 5-3 = hf0, hf1, hf2 . oscillator select bits . these bits allow the lcd controller to be supplied with the correct frequency when different high main oscillator frequencies are selected as system clock. table 20 shows the set-up for different clock crystals. bits 2 = reserved. bits 1-0 = lf0, lf1 . base frame frequency select bits. these bits control the lcd base operational frequency of the lcd common lines. lf0, lf1 define the 32khz division factor as shown in table 24 . table 24. 32khz division factor for base frequency selection hf2 hf1 hf0 division factor 0 0 0 clock disabled: display off 0 0 1 auxiliary 32khz oscillator 0 1 0 reserved 1 1 1 reserved others division from mcu f int 70 mux16 mux11 hf2 hf1 hf0 - lf1 lf0 lf1 lf0 32khz division factor 0 0 512 0 1 386 1 0 256 1 1 192 0 0 128 61
62/80 st62t80b/e80b 5 software 5.1 st6 architecture the st6 software has been designed to fully use the hardware in the most efficient way possible while keeping byte usage to a minimum; in short, to provide byte efficient programming capability. the st6 core has the ability to set or clear any register or ram location bit of the data space with a single instruction. furthermore, the program may branch to a selected address depending on the status of any bit of the data space. the carry bit is stored with the value of the bit when the set or res instruction is processed. 5.2 addressing modes the st6 core offers nine addressing modes, which are described in the following paragraphs. three different address spaces are available: pro- gram space, data space, and stack space. pro- gram space contains the instructions which are to be executed, plus the data for immediate mode in- structions. data space contains the accumulator, the x,y,v and w registers, peripheral and in- put/output registers, the ram locations and data rom locations (for storage of tables and con- stants). stack space contains six 12-bit ram cells used to stack the return addresses for subroutines and interrupts. immediate . in the immediate addressing mode, the operand of the instruction follows the opcode location. as the operand is a rom byte, the imme- diate addressing mode is used to access con- stants which do not change during program execu- tion (e.g., a constant used to initialize a loop coun- ter). direct . in the direct addressing mode, the address of the byte which is processed by the instruction is stored in the location which follows the opcode. di- rect addressing allows the user to directly address the 256 bytes in data space memory with a single two-byte instruction. short direct . the core can address the four ram registers x,y,v,w (locations 80h, 81h, 82h, 83h) in the short-direct addressing mode. in this case, the instruction is only one byte and the selection of the location to be processed is contained in the op- code. short direct addressing is a subset of the di- rect addressing mode. (note that 80h and 81h are also indirect registers). extended . in the extended addressing mode, the 12-bit address needed to define the instruction is obtained by concatenating the four less significant bits of the opcode with the byte following the op- code. the instructions (jp, call) which use the extended addressing mode are able to branch to any address of the 4k bytes program space. an extended addressing mode instruction is two- byte long. program counter relative . the relative address- ing mode is only used in conditional branch in- structions. the instruction is used to perform a test and, if the condition is true, a branch with a span of -15 to +16 locations around the address of the rel- ative instruction. if the condition is not true, the in- struction which follows the relative instruction is executed. the relative addressing mode instruc- tion is one-byte long. the opcode is obtained in adding the three most significant bits which char- acterize the kind of the test, one bit which deter- mines whether the branch is a forward (when it is 0) or backward (when it is 1) branch and the four less significant bits which give the span of the branch (0h to fh) which must be added or sub- tracted to the address of the relative instruction to obtain the address of the branch. bit direct . in the bit direct addressing mode, the bit to be set or cleared is part of the opcode, and the byte following the opcode points to the ad- dress of the byte in which the specified bit must be set or cleared. thus, any bit in the 256 locations of data space memory can be set or cleared. bit test & branch . the bit test and branch ad- dressing mode is a combination of direct address- ing and relative addressing. the bit test and branch instruction is three-byte long. the bit iden- tification and the tested condition are included in the opcode byte. the address of the byte to be tested follows immediately the opcode in the pro- gram space. the third byte is the jump displace- ment, which is in the range of -127 to +128. this displacement can be determined using a label, which is converted by the assembler. indirect . in the indirect addressing mode, the byte processed by the register-indirect instruction is at the address pointed by the content of one of the in- direct registers, x or y (80h,81h). the indirect reg- ister is selected by the bit 4 of the opcode. a regis- ter indirect instruction is one byte long. inherent . in the inherent addressing mode, all the information necessary to execute the instruction is contained in the opcode. these instructions are one byte long. 62
63/80 st62t80b/e80b 5.3 instruction set the st6 core offers a set of 40 basic instructions which, when combined with nine addressing modes, yield 244 usable opcodes. they can be di- vided into six different types: load/store, arithme- tic/logic, conditional branch, control instructions, jump/call, and bit manipulation. the following par- agraphs describe the different types. all the instructions belonging to a given type are presented in individual tables. load & store . these instructions use one, two or three bytes in relation with the addressing mode. one operand is the accumulator for load and the other operand is obtained from data memory using one of the addressing modes. for load immediate one operand can be any of the 256 data space bytes while the other is always immediate data. table 25. load & store instructions notes: x,y. indirect register pointers, v & w short direct registers # . immediate data (stored in rom memory) rr. data space register d . affected * . not affected instruction addressing mode bytes cycles flags zc ld a, x short direct 1 4 d * ld a, y short direct 1 4 d * ld a, v short direct 1 4 d * ld a, w short direct 1 4 d * ld x, a short direct 1 4 d * ld y, a short direct 1 4 d * ld v, a short direct 1 4 d * ld w, a short direct 1 4 d * ld a, rr direct 2 4 d * ld rr, a direct 2 4 d * ld a, (x) indirect 1 4 d * ld a, (y) indirect 1 4 d * ld (x), a indirect 1 4 d * ld (y), a indirect 1 4 d * ldi a, #n immediate 2 4 d * ldi rr, #n immediate 3 4 * * 63
64/80 st62t80b/e80b instruction set (contd) arithmetic and logic . these instructions are used to perform the arithmetic calculations and logic operations. in and, add, cp, sub instruc- tions one operand is always the accumulator while the other can be either a data space memory con- tent or an immediate value in relation with the ad- dressing mode. in clr, dec, inc instructions the operand can be any of the 256 data space ad- dresses. in com, rlc, sla the operand is always the accumulator. table 26. arithmetic & logic instructions notes: x,y.indirect register pointers, v & w short direct registersd. affected # . immediate data (stored in rom memory)* . not affected rr. data space register instruction addressing mode bytes cycles flags zc add a, (x) indirect 1 4 dd add a, (y) indirect 1 4 dd add a, rr direct 2 4 dd addi a, #n immediate 2 4 dd and a, (x) indirect 1 4 dd and a, (y) indirect 1 4 dd and a, rr direct 2 4 dd andi a, #n immediate 2 4 dd clr a short direct 2 4 dd clr r direct 3 4 * * com a inherent 1 4 dd cp a, (x) indirect 1 4 dd cp a, (y) indirect 1 4 dd cp a, rr direct 2 4 dd cpi a, #n immediate 2 4 dd dec x short direct 1 4 d * dec y short direct 1 4 d * dec v short direct 1 4 d * dec w short direct 1 4 d * dec a direct 2 4 d * dec rr direct 2 4 d * dec (x) indirect 1 4 d * dec (y) indirect 1 4 d * inc x short direct 1 4 d * inc y short direct 1 4 d * inc v short direct 1 4 d * inc w short direct 1 4 d * inc a direct 2 4 d * inc rr direct 2 4 d * inc (x) indirect 1 4 d * inc (y) indirect 1 4 d * rlc a inherent 1 4 dd sla a inherent 2 4 dd sub a, (x) indirect 1 4 dd sub a, (y) indirect 1 4 dd sub a, rr direct 2 4 dd subi a, #n immediate 2 4 dd 64
65/80 st62t80b/e80b instruction set (contd) conditional branch . the branch instructions achieve a branch in the program when the select- ed condition is met. bit manipulation instructions . these instruc- tions can handle any bit in data space memory. one group either sets or clears. the other group (see conditional branch) performs the bit test branch operations. control instructions . the control instructions control the mcu operations during program exe- cution. jump and call. these two instructions are used to perform long (12-bit) jumps or subroutines call inside the whole program space. table 27. conditional branch instructions notes : b. 3-bit address rr. data space register e. 5 bit signed displacement in the range -15 to +16 d . affected. the tested bit is shifted into carry. ee. 8 bit signed displacement in the range -126 to +129 * . not affected table 28. bit manipulation instructions notes: b. 3-bit address; * . not affected rr. data space register; table 29. control instructions notes: 1. this instruction is deactivatedand a wait is automatically executed instead of a stop if the watchdog function is selected . d . affected *. not affected table 30. jump & call instructions notes: abc. 12-bit address; * . not affected instruction branch if bytes cycles flags zc jrc e c = 1 1 2 * * jrnc e c = 0 1 2 * * jrz e z = 1 1 2 * * jrnz e z = 0 1 2 * * jrr b, rr, ee bit = 0 3 5 * d jrs b, rr, ee bit = 1 3 5 * d instruction addressing mode bytes cycles flags zc set b,rr bit direct 2 4 * * res b,rr bit direct 2 4 * * instruction addressing mode bytes cycles flags zc nop inherent 1 2 * * ret inherent 1 2 * * reti inherent 1 2 dd stop (1) inherent 1 2 * * wait inherent 1 2 * * instruction addressing mode bytes cycles flags zc call abc extended 2 4 * * jp abc extended 2 4 * * 65
66/80 st62t80b/e80b opcode map summary. the following table contains an opcode map for the instructions used by the st6 low 0 0000 1 0001 2 0010 3 0011 4 0100 5 0101 6 0110 7 0111 low hi hi 0 0000 2 jrnz 4 call 2 jrnc 5 jrr 2 jrz 2 jrc 4 ld 0 0000 e abc e b0,rr,ee e # e a,(x) 1pcr2ext1pcr3 bt1pcr 1prc1ind 1 0001 2 jrnz 4 call 2 jrnc 5 jrs 2 jrz 4 inc 2 jrc 4 ldi 1 0001 e abc e b0,rr,ee e x e a,nn 1pcr2ext1pcr3 bt1pcr1 sd1prc2imm 2 0010 2 jrnz 4 call 2 jrnc 5 jrr 2 jrz 2 jrc 4 cp 2 0010 e abc e b4,rr,ee e # e a,(x) 1pcr2ext1pcr3 bt1pcr 1prc1ind 3 0011 2 jrnz 4 call 2 jrnc 5 jrs 2 jrz 4 ld 2 jrc 4 cpi 3 0011 e abc e b4,rr,ee e a,x e a,nn 1pcr2ext1pcr3 bt1pcr1 sd1prc2imm 4 0100 2 jrnz 4 call 2 jrnc 5 jrr 2 jrz 2 jrc 4 add 4 0100 e abc e b2,rr,ee e # e a,(x) 1pcr2ext1pcr3 bt1pcr 1prc1ind 5 0101 2 jrnz 4 call 2 jrnc 5 jrs 2 jrz 4 inc 2 jrc 4 addi 5 0101 e abc e b2,rr,ee e y e a,nn 1pcr2ext1pcr3 bt1pcr1 sd1prc2imm 6 0110 2 jrnz 4 call 2 jrnc 5 jrr 2 jrz 2 jrc 4 inc 6 0110 e abc e b6,rr,ee e # e (x) 1pcr2ext1pcr3 bt1pcr 1prc1ind 7 0111 2 jrnz 4 call 2 jrnc 5 jrs 2 jrz 4 ld 2 jrc 7 0111 e abc e b6,rr,ee e a,y e # 1pcr2ext1pcr3 bt1pcr1 sd1prc 8 1000 2 jrnz 4 call 2 jrnc 5 jrr 2 jrz 2 jrc 4 ld 8 1000 e abc e b1,rr,ee e # e (x),a 1pcr2ext1pcr3 bt1pcr 1prc1ind 9 1001 2 rnz 4 call 2 jrnc 5 jrs 2 jrz 4 inc 2 jrc 9 1001 e abc e b1,rr,ee e v e # 1pcr2ext1pcr3 bt1pcr1 sd1prc a 1010 2 jrnz 4 call 2 jrnc 5 jrr 2 jrz 2 jrc 4 and a 1010 e abc e b5,rr,ee e # e a,(x) 1pcr2ext1pcr3 bt1pcr 1prc1ind b 1011 2 jrnz 4 call 2 jrnc 5 jrs 2 jrz 4 ld 2 jrc 4 andi b 1011 e abc e b5,rr,ee e a,v e a,nn 1pcr2ext1pcr3 bt1pcr1 sd1prc2imm c 1100 2 jrnz 4 call 2 jrnc 5 jrr 2 jrz 2 jrc 4 sub c 1100 e abc e b3,rr,ee e # e a,(x) 1pcr2ext1pcr3 bt1pcr 1prc1ind d 1101 2 jrnz 4 call 2 jrnc 5 jrs 2 jrz 4 inc 2 jrc 4 subi d 1101 e abc e b3,rr,ee e w e a,nn 1pcr2ext1pcr3 bt1pcr1 sd1prc2imm e 1110 2 jrnz 4 call 2 jrnc 5 jrr 2 jrz 2 jrc 4 dec e 1110 e abc e b7,rr,ee e # e (x) 1pcr2ext1pcr3 bt1pcr 1prc1ind f 1111 2 jrnz 4 call 2 jrnc 5 jrs 2 jrz 4 ld 2 jrc f 1111 e abc e b7,rr,ee e a,w e # 1pcr2ext1pcr3 bt1pcr1 sd1prc abbreviations for addressing modes: legend: dir direct # indicates illegal instructions sd short direct e 5 bit displacement imm immediate b 3 bit address inh inherent rr 1byte dataspace address ext extended nn 1 byte immediate data b.d bit direct abc 12 bit address bt bit test ee 8 bit displacement pcr program counter relative ind indirect 2 jrc e 1prc mnemonic addressing mode bytes cycle operand 66
67/80 st62t80b/e80b opcode map summary (continued) low 8 1000 9 1001 a 1010 b 1011 c 1100 d 1101 e 1110 f 1111 low hi hi 0 0000 2 jrnz 4 jp 2 jrnc 4 res 2 jrz 4 ldi 2 jrc 4 ld 0 0000 e abc e b0,rr e rr,nn e a,(y) 1pcr2ext1pcr2b.d1pcr3imm1prc1ind 1 0001 2 jrnz 4 jp 2 jrnc 4 set 2 jrz 4 dec 2 jrc 4 ld 1 0001 e abc e b0,rr e x e a,rr 1pcr2ext1pcr2b.d1pcr1 sd1prc2 dir 2 0010 2 jrnz 4 jp 2 jrnc 4 res 2 jrz 4 com 2 jrc 4 cp 2 0010 e abc e b4,rr e a e a,(y) 1pcr2ext1pcr2b.d1pcr 1prc1ind 3 0011 2 jrnz 4 jp 2 jrnc 4 set 2 jrz 4 ld 2 jrc 4 cp 3 0011 e abc e b4,rr e x,a e a,rr 1pcr2ext1pcr2b.d1pcr1 sd1prc2 dir 4 0100 2 jrnz 4 jp 2 jrnc 4 res 2 jrz 2 reti 2 jrc 4 add 4 0100 e abc e b2,rr e e a,(y) 1pcr2ext1pcr2b.d1pcr1inh1prc1ind 5 0101 2 jrnz 4 jp 2 jrnc 4 set 2 jrz 4 dec 2 jrc 4 add 5 0101 e abc e b2,rr e y e a,rr 1pcr2ext1pcr2b.d1pcr1 sd1prc2 dir 6 0110 2 jrnz 4 jp 2 jrnc 4 res 2 jrz 2 stop 2 jrc 4 inc 6 0110 e abc e b6,rr e e (y) 1pcr2ext1pcr2b.d1pcr1inh1prc1ind 7 0111 2 jrnz 4 jp 2 jrnc 4 set 2 jrz 4 ld 2 jrc 4 inc 7 0111 e abc e b6,rr e y,a e rr 1pcr2ext1pcr2b.d1pcr1 sd1prc2 dir 8 1000 2 jrnz 4 jp 2 jrnc 4 res 2 jrz 2 jrc 4 ld 8 1000 e abc e b1,rr e # e (y),a 1pcr2ext1pcr2b.d1pcr 1prc1ind 9 1001 2 rnz 4 jp 2 jrnc 4 set 2 jrz 4 dec 2 jrc 4 ld 9 1001 e abc e b1,rr e v e rr,a 1pcr2ext1pcr2b.d1pcr1 sd1prc2 dir a 1010 2 jrnz 4 jp 2 jrnc 4 res 2 jrz 4 rcl 2 jrc 4 and a 1010 e abc e b5,rr e a e a,(y) 1pcr2ext1pcr2b.d1pcr1inh1prc1ind b 1011 2 jrnz 4 jp 2 jrnc 4 set 2 jrz 4 ld 2 jrc 4 and b 1011 e abc e b5,rr e v,a e a,rr 1pcr2ext1pcr2b.d1pcr1 sd1prc2 dir c 1100 2 jrnz 4 jp 2 jrnc 4 res 2 jrz 2 ret 2 jrc 4 sub c 1100 e abc e b3,rr e e a,(y) 1pcr2ext1pcr2b.d1pcr1inh1prc1ind d 1101 2 jrnz 4 jp 2 jrnc 4 set 2 jrz 4 dec 2 jrc 4 sub d 1101 e abc e b3,rr e w e a,rr 1pcr2ext1pcr2b.d1pcr1 sd1prc2 dir e 1110 2 jrnz 4 jp 2 jrnc 4 res 2 jrz 2 wait 2 jrc 4 dec e 1110 e abc e b7,rr e e (y) 1pcr2ext1pcr2b.d1pcr1inh1prc1ind f 1111 2 jrnz 4 jp 2 jrnc 4 set 2 jrz 4 ld 2 jrc 4 dec f 1111 e abc e b7,rr e w,a e rr 1pcr2ext1pcr2b.d1pcr1 sd1prc2 dir abbreviations for addressing modes: legend: dir direct # indicates illegal instructions sd short direct e 5 bit displacement imm immediate b 3 bit address inh inherent rr 1byte dataspace address ext extended nn 1 byte immediate data b.d bit direct abc 12 bit address bt bit test ee 8 bit displacement pcr program counter relative ind indirect 2 jrc e 1prc mnemonic addressing mode bytes cycle operand 67
68/80 st62t80b/e80b 6 electrical characteristics 6.1 absolute maximum ratings this product contains devices to protect the inputs against damage due to high static voltages, how- ever it is advisable to take normal precaution to avoid application of any voltage higher than the specified maximum rated voltages. for proper operation it is recommended that v i and v o be higher than v ss and lower than v dd . reliability is enhanced if unused inputs are con- nected to an appropriate logic voltage level (v dd or v ss ). power considerations .the average chip-junc- tion temperature, tj, in celsius can be obtained from: tj= ta + pd x rthja where: ta = ambient temperature. rthja = package thermal resistance (junction-to ambient). pd = pint + pport. pint = i dd x v dd (chip internal power). pport = port power dissipation (deter- mined by the user). notes: - stresses above those listed as "absolute maximum ratings" may cause permanent damage to the device. this is a stress rating o nly and functional operation of the device at these conditions is not implied. exposure to maximum rating conditions for extended perio ds may affect device reliability. - (1) within these limits, clamping diodes are guarantee to be not conductive. voltages outside these limits are authorised as long as injection current is kept within the specification. symbol parameter value unit v dd supply voltage -0.3 to 7.0 v v i input voltage v ss - 0.3 to v dd + 0.3 (1) v v o output voltage v ss - 0.3 to v dd + 0.3 (1) v i o current drain per pin excluding v dd , v ss 10 ma iv dd total current into v dd (source) 50 ma iv ss total current out of v ss (sink) 50 ma tj junction temperature 150 c t stg storage temperature -60 to 150 c 68
69/80 st62t80b/e80b 6.2 recommended operating conditions notes : 1. care must be taken in case of negative current injection, where adapted impedance must be respected on analog sources to not affect the a/d conversion. for a -1ma injection, a maximum 10 k w is recommanded. 2. an oscillator frequency above 1mhz is recommended for reliable a/d results. figure 34. maximum operating frequency (fmax) versus supply voltage (v dd ) the shaded area is outside the recommended operating range; device functionality is not guaranteed under these conditions. symbol parameter test conditions value unit min. typ. max. t a operating temperature 6 suffix version 1 suffix version -40 0 85 70 c v dd operating supply voltage f osc = 2mhz fosc= 8mhz 3.0 4.5 6.0 6.0 v f osc oscillator frequency 2) v dd = 3v v dd = 4.5v 0 0 2.0 8.0 mhz i inj+ pin injection current (positive) v dd = 4.5 to 5.5v +5 ma i inj- pin injection current (negative) v dd = 4.5 to 5.5v -5 ma 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6 supply voltage (v dd ) maximum frequency (mhz) functionality is not guaranteed in this area 69
70/80 st62t80b/e80b 6.3 dc electrical characteristics (t a = -40 to +85c unless otherwise specified) notes: (1) hysteresis voltage between switching levels (2) all peripherals running (3) all peripherals in stand-by symbol parameter test conditions value unit min. typ. max. v il input low level voltage all input pins v dd x 0.3 v v ih input high level voltage all input pins v dd x 0.7 v v hys hysteresis voltage (1) all input pins v dd = 5v v dd = 3v 0.2 0.2 v v ol low level output voltage all output pins v dd = 5.0v; i ol = +10a v dd = 5.0v; i ol = + 5ma 0.1 0.8 v low level output voltage 20 ma sink i/o pins v dd = 5.0v; i ol = +10a v dd = 5.0v; i ol = +10ma v dd = 5.0v; i ol = +20ma 0.1 0.8 1.3 v oh high level output voltage all output pins v dd = 5.0v; i oh = -10a v dd = 5.0v; i oh = -5.0ma 4.9 3.5 v r pu pull-up resistance all input pins 40 100 200 kw reset pin 150 350 900 i il i ih input leakage current all input pins but reset v in = v ss (no pull-up configured) v in = v dd 0.1 1.0 m a input leakage current reset pin v in = v ss v in = v dd -8 -16 -30 10 i dd supply current in reset mode v reset =v ss f osc =8mhz 7ma supply current in run mode (2) v dd =5.0v f int =8mhz 7 ma supply current in wait mode (3) v dd =5.0v f int =8mhz 2 ma supply current in stop mode (3) i load =0ma v dd =5.0v 10 m a 70
71/80 st62t80b/e80b 6.4 ac electrical characteristics (t a = -40 to +85c unless otherwise specified) notes : 1. period for which v dd has to be connected at 0v to allow internal reset function at next power-up. 6.5 a/d converter characteristics (t a = -40 to +85c unless otherwise specified) notes : 1. noise at av dd , av ss <10mv 2. with oscillator frequencies less than 1mhz, the a/d converter accuracy is decreased. . symbol parameter test conditions value unit min. typ. max. t rec supply recovery time (1) 100 ms t wr minimum pulse width (v dd = 5v) reset pin nmi pin 100 100 ns t wee eeprom write time t a = 25c t a = 85c 5 10 10 20 ms endurance eeprom write/erase cycle 300,000 1 million cycles retention eeprom data retention t a = 55c 10 years c in input capacitance all inputs pins 10 pf c out output capacitance all outputs pins 10 pf symbol parameter test conditions value unit min. typ. max. res resolution 8 bit a tot total accuracy (1) (2) f osc > 1.2mhz f osc > 32khz 2 4 lsb t c conversion time f osc = 8mhz 70 m s zir zero input reading conversion result when v in = v ss 00 hex fsr full scale reading conversion result when v in = v dd ff hex ad i analog input current during conversion v dd = 4.5v 1.0 m a ac in analog input capacitance 2 5 pf 71
72/80 st62t80b/e80b 6.6 timer characteristics (t a = -40 to +85c unless otherwise specified) note*: when available. 6.7 spi characteristics (t a = -40 to +85c unless otherwise specified) 6.8 lcd electrical characteristics (t a = -40 to +85c unless otherwise specified) notes : 1. the dc offset refers to all segment and common outputs. it is the difference between the measured voltage value and nominal value for every voltage level. 2. an external resistor network is required when vlcd is lower then 4.5v. symbol parameter test conditions value unit min. typ. max. f in input frequency on timer pin* mhz t w pulse width at timer pin* v dd = 3.0v v dd > 4.5v 1 125 m s ns f int 8 --------- - symbol parameter test conditions value unit min. typ. max. f cl clock frequency applied on scl 1 mhz t su set-up time applied on sin 50 ns t h hold time applied onsin 100 ns symbol parameter test conditions value unit min. typ. max. v os dc offset voltage v lcd = vdd, no load 50 mv v oh com high level, output voltage seg high level, output voltage i=100a, v lcd =5v i=50a, v lcd =5v 4.5 v v ol com low level, output voltage seg low level, output voltage i=100a, v lcd =5v i=50a, v lcd =5v 0.5 v lcd display voltage see note 2 v dd -0.2 10 72
73/80 st62t80b/e80b 7 general information 7.1 package mechanical data figure 35. 100-pin plastic quad flat package figure 36. 100-pin ceramic quad flat package long footprint dim. mm inches min typ max min typ max a 3.40 0.134 a1 0.25 0.50 0.010 0.020 a2 2.50 2.70 2.90 0.098 0.106 0.114 b 0.22 0.40 0.009 0.016 c 0.11 0.23 0.004 0.009 d 23.20 0.913 d1 20.00 0.787 d2 18.85 0.742 e 17.20 0.677 e1 14.00 0.551 e2 12.35 0.486 e 0.65 0.026 l 0.73 0.88 1.03 0.029 0.035 0.041 number of pins n 100 a a2 a1 b e 0- 7 c 1.60 mm l e e1 e2 d d1 d2 dim mm inches min typ max min typ max a 3.24 0.128 a1 0.20 0.008 b 0.22 0.35 0.38 0.009 0.014 0.015 c 0.13 0.15 0.23 0.005 0.006 0.009 d 23.35 23.90 24.45 0.919 0.941 0.963 d1 19.57 20.00 20.43 0.770 0.787 0.804 d3 18.85 0.742 e 17.35 17.90 18.45 0.683 0.705 0.726 e1 13.61 14.00 14.39 0.536 0.551 0.567 e3 12.35 0.486 e 0.65 0.026 g 13.75 14.00 14.25 0.541 0.551 0.561 g1 19.75 20.00 20.25 0.778 0.787 0.797 g2 1.17 0.046 l 0.35 0.80 0.014 0.031 ? 8.89 number of pins n100 cqfp100w 73
74/80 st62t80b/e80b general information (contd) 7.2 package thermal characteristic 7.3 .ordering information table 31. otp/eprom version ordering information symbol parameter test conditions value unit min. typ. max. rthja thermal resistance pqfp100 70 c/w cqfp100w 70 sales type program memory (bytes) i/o temperature range package st62e80bg1 7948 (eprom) 22 0 to 70c cqfp100w st62t80bq6 7948 (otp) -40 to 85c pqfp100 74
july 2001 75/80 rev. 2.7 st6280b 8-bit otp/eprom mcu with lcd driver, eeprom and a/d converter n 3.0 to 6.0v supply operating range n 8 mhz maximum clock frequency n -40 to +85c operating temperature range n run, wait and stop modes n 5 interrupt vectors n look-up table capability in program memory n data storage in program memory: user selectable size n data ram: 192 bytes n data eeprom: 128 bytes n 22 i/o pins, fully programmable as: C input with pull-up resistor C input without pull-up resistor C input with interrupt generation C open-drain or push-pull output C analog input C lcd segments (8 combiport lines) n 4 i/o lines can sink up to 20ma to drive leds or triacs directly n two 8-bit timer/counter with 7-bit programmable prescaler n digital watchdog n 8-bit a/d converter with 12 analog inputs n 8-bit synchronous peripheral interface (spi) n 8-bit asynchronous peripheral interface (uart) n lcd driver with 45 segment outputs, 4 backplane outputs and selectable multiplexing ratio. n 32khz oscillator for stand-by lcd operation n power supply supervisor ( pss) n on-chip clock oscillator can be driven by quartz crystal or ceramic resonator n one external non-maskable interrupt n st6240-emu2 emulation and development system (connects to an ms-dos pc via a parallel port). device summary (see end of datasheet for ordering information) pqfp100 device rom (bytes) i/o pins st62t80b 7948 22 75
76/80 st6280b 1 general description 1.1 introduction the st6280b is mask programmed rom version of st62t80b otp devices. they offer the same functionality as otp devices, selecting as rom options the options defined in the programmable option byte of the otp version. figure 1. programming wave form 1.2 rom readout protection if the rom readout protection option is selected, a protection fuse can be blown to pre- vent any access to the program memory content. in case the user wants to blow this fuse, high volt- age must be applied on the test pin. figure 2. programming circuit note: zpd15 is used for overvoltage protection 0.5s min test 15 14v typ 10 5 test 100ma 4ma typ vr02001 max 150 s typ t vr02003 test 5v 100nf 47mf protect 100nf v dd v ss zpd15 15v 14v 76
77/80 st6280b 1.3 ordering information the following section deals with the procedure for transfer of customer codes to stmicroelectronics. 1.3.1 transfer of customer code customer code is made up of the rom contents and the list of the selected mask options. the rom contents are to be sent on diskette, or by electronic means, with the hexadecimal file gener- ated by the development tool. all unused bytes must be set to ffh. the selected mask options are communicated to stmicroelectronics using the correctly filled op- tion list appended. see page 78 . 1.3.2 listing generation and verification when stmicroelectronics receives the users rom contents, a computer listing is generated from it. this listing refers exactly to the mask which will be used to produce the specified mcu. the listing is then returned to the customer who must thoroughly check, complete, sign and return it to stmicroelectronics. the signed listing forms a part of the contractual agreement for the creation of the specific customer mask. the stmicroelectronics sales organization will be pleased to provide detailed information on con- tractual points. table 1. rom memory map for st6280b table 2. rom version ordering information rom page device address description page 0 0000h-007fh 0080h-07ffh reserved user rom page 1 static 0800h-0f9fh 0fa0h-0fefh 0ff0h-0ff7h 0ff8h-0ffbh 0ffch-0ffdh 0ffeh-0fffh user rom reserved interrupt vectors reserved nmi vector reset vector page 2 0000h-000fh 0010h-07ffh reserved user rom page 3 0000h-000fh 0010h-07ffh reserved user rom sales type rom i/o temperature range package st6280bq1/xxx st6280bq6/xxx 7948 22 0 to +70c -40 to 85c pqfp100 77
78/80 st6280b st6280b microcontroller option list customer: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . address: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . contact: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . phone: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . reference: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . stmicroelectronics references: device: [ ] st6280b (8 kb) package: [ ] plastic quad flat package (tape & reel) temperature range: [ ] 0c to + 70c [ ] - 40c to + 85c marking: [ ] standard marking [ ] special marking: pqfp100 (10 char. max): _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ authorized characters are letters, digits, '.', '-', '/' and spaces only. watchdog selection: [ ] software activation [ ] hardware activation nmi pull-up: [ ] enabled [ ] disabled readout protection: [ ] enabled: [ ] fuse is blown by stmicroelectronics [ ] fuse can be blown by the customer [ ] disabled comments: number of segments and backplanes used: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . supply operating range in the application: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . oscillator frequency in the application: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . notes: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . date: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . signature: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
79/80 st6280b 2 summary of changes rev. main changes date 2.7 changed section 4.1.5 on page 37: pb0/rxd1 and pb1/txd1 instead of pb1/rdx1 and pb0/txd1. changed figure 35 on page 73 . changed option list ( page 78 ). july 2001
80/80 st6280b notes: information furnished is believed to be accurate and reliable. however, stmicroelectronics assumes no responsibility for the co nsequences of use of such information nor for any infringement of patents or other rights of third parties which may result from its use. no license is granted by implication or otherwise under any patent or patent rights of stmicroelectronics. specifications mentioned in this publicati on are subject to change without notice. this publication supersedes and replaces all information previously supplied. stmicroelectronics prod ucts are not authorized for use as critical components in life support devices or systems without the express written approval of stmicroele ctronics. the st logo is a registered trademark of stmicroelectronics ? 2001 stmicroelectronics - all rights reserved. purchase of i 2 c components by stmicroelectronics conveys a license under the philips i 2 c patent. rights to use these components in an i 2 c system is granted provided that the system conforms to the i 2 c standard specification as defined by philips. stmicroelectronics group of companies australia - brazil - china - finland - france - germany - hong kong - india - italy - japan - malaysia - malta - morocco - sin gapore - spain sweden - switzerland - united kingdom - u.s.a. http://www.st.com

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